UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS

Gender and Gender Mainstreaming in International Peacebuilding

Citation:

Purkarthofer, Petra. 2006. “Gender and Gender Mainstreaming in International Peacebuilding.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association, San Diego, March 22-25.

Author: Petra Purkarthofer

Abstract:

Post-conflict peacebuilding is a gendered process, in which power and resources are reassigned. Gender relations have an impact on the design of post-conflict peacebuilding and are restructured by this process at the same time. I will present an overview of the discussion on gender and peacebuilding during recent years and identify the main factors leading to greater gender sensitivity in international peacebuilding, especially with regard to the United Nations. How is gender defined and used in UN resolutions and documents? UN resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security for example focuses mainly on special needs of women. Issues to transform gender hierarchies such as structural discrimination, power relations, access to resources, gender identity or gender specific division of labor are rarely discussed. Often women and gender are used synonymously. What does gender mainstreaming mean in this context and how is it applied in peace missions? I will show that without any future change, gender mainstreaming risks reproducing gender inequalities.

Topics: Gender, Gender Mainstreaming, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Hierarchies, Gender Equality/Inequality, Peacebuilding, Peace Processes, Post-Conflict, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325

Year: 2006

From Combat to Community: Women and Girls of Sierra Leone

Citation:

Mazurana, Dyan, and Khristopher Carlson. 2004.From Combat to Community: Women and Girls of Sierra Leone. Cambridge, MA: Women Waging Peace Policy Commission.

Authors: Dyan Mazurana, Khristopher Carlson

Abstract:

Wars and internal conflicts do not end simply with the signing of peace agreements. To avoid a resurgence of violence, it is necessary to develop and support measures for strengthening the governance, security, justice, and socioeconomic capacities of a state. This is a complex task in any society, but daunting in post-conflict situations. While the international community can provide assistance and valuable resources, the local population, which has no “exit strategy,” has the greatest commitment to building sustainable peace. It is therefore essential to draw on the assets, experiences, and dedication at the local level and among all sectors of society. One sector often overlooked and underestimated is women. In most post-conflict societies women are more than 50 percent of the population and are actively engaged in peace building while addressing the basic survival needs of their families and communities. Yet they are often portrayed as passive victims, and little regard is given to their actual and potential roles in fostering security. In October 2000, for the first time in its history, the United Nations Security Council acknowledged that women have a key role in promoting international stability by passing Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security. It called on all parties to ensure women’s participation in peace processes, from the prevention of conflict to negotiations and post-war reconstruction. The Women Waging Peace Policy Commission was established to examine peace processes with a particular focus on the contributions of women. Drawing on qualitative field-based research and quantitative survey data, “From Combat to Community: Women and Girls of Sierra Leone” assesses how consideration of gender issues can improve disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) processes and documents the contributions of women in official and civil society-based reintegration programs.

Topics: Armed Conflict, Civil Society, Combatants, Female Combatants, Conflict Prevention, DDR, Gender, Women, Girls, Gender Mainstreaming, Governance, Post-Conflict Governance, Justice, Peacebuilding, Peace Processes, Post-Conflict, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Security, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325 Regions: Africa, West Africa Countries: Sierra Leone

Year: 2004

Engendering Peace: How the Peacebuilding Commission Can Live up to UN Security Council Resolution 1325

Citation:

Ekiyor, Thelma. 2006. "Engendering Peace: How the Peacebuilding Commission Can Live up to UN Security Council Resolution 1325." Briefing Paper, Dialogue on Globalization, Friedrich Ebert-Stiftung, Washington, DC. 

Author: Thelma Ekiyor

Topics: Gender, Peacebuilding, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325

Year: 2006

En-Gendering UN Peacekeeping Operations

Citation:

Hudson, Natalie Florea. 2005. “En-Gendering UN Peacekeeping Operations.” International Journal 60 (3): 785-807.

Author: Natalie Florea Hudson

Topics: Gender, Women, Gender Mainstreaming, International Organizations, Peacekeeping, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325

Year: 2005

Women, War, Peace-Building and Reconstruction

Citation:

Onyejekwe, Chineze J. 2005. “Women, War, Peace-Building and Reconstruction." International Social Science Journal 57, no. 184, 277–83.

Author: Chineze J. Onyejekwe

Abstract:

Gender-based violence, especially sexual violence, has become a weapon of warfare and one of the defining characteristics of contemporary armed conflict. This paper focuses on women's protection in armed conflict and their centrality to conflict resolution and peace building. The experiences of women and girls in war and conflict situations are described. Constraints women face in participating in post-conflict peace building are also analysed. The role of the United Nations in engendering peace through Security Council Resolution 1325 is analyzed as well.

Topics: Armed Conflict, Gender, Women, Girls, Gender-Based Violence, International Organizations, Peacebuilding, Peace Processes, Post-Conflict, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325, Sexual Violence

Year: 2005

UNSCR 1325 - Conundrums and Opportunities

Citation:

de Jonge Oudraat, Chantal. 2013. “UNSCR 1325 - Conundrums and Opportunities.” International Interactions 39 (4): 612-19.

Author: Chantal De Jonge Oudraat

Topics: Gender, Women, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325

Year: 2013

Gender Mainstreaming Unraveled: The Case of DDRR in Liberia

Citation:

Basini, Helen S.A. 2013. “Gender Mainstreaming Unraveled: The Case of DDRR in Liberia.” International Interactions 39 (4): 535–57.

Author: Helen S.A. Basini

Abstract:

In the past women have been excluded from peace initiatives. However, with the advent of UNSCR 1325 (2000) women's agency in the process has been heightened through a new framework for involvement. UNSCR 1325 is a policy document that acknowledges the link between women, peace, and security and uses gender mainstreaming as a mechanism to implement its objectives. Yet in spite of its policy advancements, over a decade later women still do not participate equally in peace and security initiatives that impact on the sustainability of peace. This article aims to explore the context of this framework through considerations of the gender mainstreaming provision in the disarmament, demobilization, rehabilitation, and reintegration (DDRR) process in Liberia. Using interviews with women associated with fighting forces (WAFFs)/ex-combatants the article argues that although there was a specific targeted focus showing some gender responsive design and coordination, WAFFs’/ex-combatants’ unique needs, especially those of a social and psychological nature, were poorly addressed. In addition, the commentary shows that the focus did not attend to structural inequality issues such as sexual and gender based violence (SGBV).

Keywords: DDR, ex-combatant, gender mainstreaming, Liberia, UNSCR 1325, women associated with fighting forces

Topics: Combatants, Female Combatants, DDR, Gender, Women, Gender-Based Violence, Gender Mainstreaming, Peace and Security, Peacebuilding, Peace Processes, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325, Sexual Violence Regions: Africa, West Africa Countries: Liberia

Year: 2013

Women Essential for Sustainable Peace

Anwarul K. Chowdhury

September 28, 2011

UMass Boston

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