Peace Processes

Sustaining Peace in the “New Gambia”

Citation:

Connolly, Lesley. 2018. "Sustaining Peace in the 'New Gambia.'" In Sustaining Peace in Practice: Building on What Works, edited by Youssef Mahmoud, Lesley Connolly, and Delphine Mechoulan, 59-64. International Peace Institute.

Author: Lesley Connolly

Annotation:

Summary:
“This chapter highlights three main areas that should be prioritized for the purpose of sustaining peace in the Gambia: women’s empowerment, youth empowerment and entrepreneurship, and transitional justice and good governance. It explains how investment in these areas has helped prevent the escalation of conflict and how it can contribute to the maintenance of long-term national peace and stability” (Connolly 2018, 59-60).

Topics: Age, Youth, Conflict Prevention, Conflict, Gender, Women, Governance, Post-Conflict Governance, Justice, Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict, Peace Processes Regions: Africa, West Africa Countries: Gambia

Year: 2018

Gender, Nationalism and Conflict Transformation: New Themes and Old Problems In Northern Ireland Politics

Citation:

Ashe, Fidelma. 2019. Gender, Nationalism and Conflict Transformation: New Themes and Old Problems In Northern Ireland Politics. London: Routledge.

Author: Fidelma Ashe

Annotation:

Table of Contents:
1. Gender, Sexuality and Conflict Transformation
 
2. Gendering the Accord
 
3. Gender, Sexuality and the New Institutions
 
4. Masculinities, Power and Transition
 
5. Gender and Renegotiating the Peace 
 
6. Bodies and Conflict Transformation
 
7. Conclusions

Topics: Conflict, Gender, Masculinity/ies, Peace Processes, Sexuality Regions: Europe, Western Europe Countries: United Kingdom

Year: 2019

Gender and Conflict in East Asia

Citation:

Bjarnegård, Elin, and Erik Melander. 2017. “Gender and Conflict in East Asia.” In Routledge Handbook of Asia in World Politics, edited by Teh-Kuang Chang and Angelin Chang. New York: Routledge.

Authors: Elin Bjarnegård , Erik Melander

Abstract:

In East Asia, as in the rest of the world, peace and conflict display clear gendered patterns. These patterns contribute both to a better understanding of peace and conflict per se, but gender is also of importance for grasping the causes and consequences of armed conflict. This chapter illustrates numerous ways in which a gender perspective contributes to the knowledge of issues of peace and conflict in East Asia. The constructivist argument points to some interesting possible ways in which changing gender relations may be working for peace in parts of East Asia. The view of China as an enemy is clearly the most widespread in South Korea, but the gender gap is very small with 36" of men and 34" of women thinking of China as an enemy. The gender gap is more evident in Japan where almost a quarter of the male population think of China as an enemy, while only 16" of women do.

Topics: Armed Conflict, Conflict, Gender, Peace Processes Regions: Asia, East Asia Countries: China, Japan, South Korea

Year: 2017

Critical Peace and Conflict Studies: Feminist Interventions

Citation:

McLeod, Laura, and Maria O’Reilly. 2019. “Critical Peace and Conflict Studies: Feminist Interventions.” Peacebuilding 7 (2): 127-45.

Authors: Laura McLeod, Maria O’Reilly

Abstract:

Critical Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) as a field cares about gender. Yet, feminist work frequently receives token acknowledgement by critical scholars rather than sustained engagement and analysis. This Special Issue demonstrates why critical PCS needs feminist epistemologies, methodologies, and empirical analyses. In this introductory article, we deploy a feminist genealogical analysis of the ‘four generations’ of PCS and argue that the ghettoization of ‘gender issues’ marginalises feminist work within academia, policy, and practice. Critical PCS research has taken inspiration from feminist scholars, however there remain opportunities for deeper conversations. Addressing this marginalisation matters if we wish to decolonise PCS and develop a nuanced sensory perception of peace and conflict. Furthermore, engaging with feminist ideas can directly contribute to building more meaningful, sustainable, and equitable forms of peace. In short: feminist insights are crucial to prompting a deeper and more transformative dialogue within the scholarship and practice of critical PCS.

Keywords: Gender, peacebuilding, feminism, peace and conflict studies, four generations

Topics: Conflict, Feminisms, Gender, Women, Peace Processes

Year: 2019

Local Peace Processes: Opportunities and Challenges for Women's Engagement

Citation:

Wise, Laura, Robert Forster, and Christine Bell. 2019. Local Peace Processes: Opportunities and Challenges for Women's Engagement. UN Women.

Authors: Laura Wise, Robert Forster, Christine Bell

Annotation:

Summary:
"This Spotlight outlines briefly the relationship between women and local peace processes, drawing out and focussing on a number of examples from the MENA region, and Sub-Saharan Africa. We do so in order to provide comparative information to support women’s meaningful participation and gender-sensitive approaches in local peace processes and agreements. It is sometimes suggested that women may have greater access to these local-level negotiations than to formal national peace negotiations, because they take place through mechanisms such as civil society organisations and local peace committees, rather than internationalised high level political diplomacy. However, a review of agreement texts reveals few provisions referring to women, girls, and gender specifically. Moreover, ‘institutional, economic, cultural and social obstacles’ to women’s participation prevalent at the national level are also evident in local processes. 1 Nonetheless, women are often very active at local levels of governance, and there are some striking examples of where they have been central to mobilizing, supporting, and implementing local peace initiatives" (Wise et al 2019, 2).

Topics: Civil Society, Conflict, Gender, Women, International Organizations, Peace Processes Regions: Africa, MENA, Southern Africa

Year: 2019

Women in Peace Negotiations

Citation:

Paffenholz, Thania. 2018. "Women in Peace Negotiations." In Gendering Diplomacy and International Negotiation, edited by Karin Aggestam and Ann E. Towns, 169-91. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 

Author: Thania Paffenholz

Abstract:

The adoption of United Nations Security Council resolution 1325 in 2000 brought Women, Peace and Security (WPS) onto the UN agenda, yet women remain significantly underrepresented in peace negotiations. This landmark resolution called for increased awareness of women as actors for peace, rather than only as victims of armed conflict, and has led to important further developments in the WPS field, as well as a surge of attention in both academic and policymaking circles. Most policy and academic debates tend to focus on women’s presence in, rather than their actual impact on, peace processes. Yet, research shows that it is not the inclusion of women per se, but rather women’s actual influence on peace negotiations that is positively correlated with a higher likelihood of reaching sustainable peace agreements: in other words, it’s not about counting women, but rather about making women count. This chapter thus provides insights on how women participate in, influence and impact peace negotiations, by focusing on the various avenues through which they can participate, and the process and context factors that enable or constrain their involvement.

Keywords: United Nations Security Council, women count, UNSC Resolution, peace process, peace agreement

Topics: Armed Conflict, Conflict, Gender, Women, International Organizations, Peace Processes, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325

Year: 2018

(En)gendered Security? The Complexities of Women's Inclusion in Peace Processes

Citation:

Ellerby, Kara. 2013. “(En)gendered Security? The Complexities of Women's Inclusion in Peace Processes.” International Interactions 39 (4): 435-60.

Author: Kara Ellerby

Abstract:

As peacebuilding discourses increasingly stress the importance of including women, to what degree have security-related practices taken heed? It has been over 10 years since the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security, yet it remains a “confused and confusing” tool for scholars and practitioners in assessing women’s inclusion in peacebuilding. This article adds to our understanding on women and peacebuilding by engaging 1325 as an operationalizable concept and then applying it to peace agreements to understand how women’s security is addressed as part of formal peace processes. Given previous difficulties in operationalizing 1325’s mandate, this article engages it as a three-level concept useful for studying the ways in which women are “brought into” security, called (en)gendered security. Using this concept of (en)gendered security, I assess intrastate peace agreements between 1991 and 2010 to elucidate where and how women are included in peace processes. This article illustrates the potential of a systematized and practical approach to security embodied in 1325 and a preliminary discussion of what accounts for better approaches to (en)gendered security during peacebuilding.

Keywords: Gender, peace agreements, peacebuilding, Resolution 1325, security, women

Topics: Gender, Women, Peace and Security, Peacebuilding, Political Participation, Peace Processes, Security, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325

Year: 2013

Securing Participation and Protection in Peace Agreements: The Case of Colombia

Citation:

Marín Caravajal, Isabela, and Eduardo Álvarez-Vanegas. 2019. "Securing Participation and Protection in Peace Agreements: The Case of Colombia." In The Oxford Handbook of Women, Peace, and Security, edited by Sara E. Davies and Jacqui True, 461-74. New York: Oxford University Press.

Authors: Isabela Marín Carvajal, Eduardo Álvarez-Vanegas

Abstract:

Women’s participation in the Colombian peace process constitutes an outstanding case in comparison with other peace negotiations processes, due to the efforts made by unofficial actors. Nevertheless, during the negotiation period, selective violence against social leaders increased, affecting their mobilizations and capacity to meaningful contribute. This chapter critically evaluates developments in scholarship and policymaking that considers the WPS pillars of participation and protection and their inclusion in peace agreements. To do so, the chapter draws upon the case of the Havana peace process, led by the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC), between 2012 and 2016. The analysis derives from a research experience at the Fundación Ideas para la Paz (Bogotá, Colombia), exploring women’s participation in Columbia’s peace negotiations. Drawing on examples from the Colombian case, the chapter demonstrates the importance of accounting for women’s preexisting forms of participation and knowledge. It also argues that affirmative measures that encourage women’s meaningful participation in peace negotiations will be ineffective if the underlying structural factors that exclude women from decision-making processes more broadly remain unaddressed.

Keywords: Colombia, Peace Negotiations, structural barriers, Knowledge, participation

Topics: Gender, Women, Post-Conflict, Peace Processes, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, Violence Regions: Americas, South America Countries: Colombia

Year: 2019

Gender Mainstreaming in the IGAD II SUDAN Peace Process

Citation:

Ndonga, Eunice M. 2017. "Gender Mainstreaming in the IGAD II SUDAN Peace Process." International Journal of Gender Studies 1 (2): 1-19. 

Author: Eunice M. Ndonga

Abstract:

Gender mainstreaming is generally defined as a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated.This requires careful consideration of the implications, for both women and men, of actions, policies and programmes. In earlier peace processes, there was no particular attention to women’s needs, experiences and capacities, and thus ‘gender mainstreaming’ came to be used to mean a focus on so-called ‘women’s issues’. But current research and policy tend to include men’s special needs as well, and point to the fact that sustainable peace can be obtained only if both women’s and men’s issues are taken into consideration. 

Keywords: Gender, mainstreaming, Sudan peace process, IGAD II

Topics: Gender, Gender Mainstreaming, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Peace Processes Regions: Africa, East Africa Countries: South Sudan, Sudan

Year: 2017

Peace Processes: Business as Usual?

Citation:

Bjertén-Günther, Emma. 2020. "Peace Processes: Business as Usual?." In Gender Roles in Peace and Security, edited by Manuela Scheuermann and Anja Zürn, 35-56. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 

Author: Emma Bjertén-Günther

Abstract:

Summary:
Despite international frameworks such as the WPS agenda that promotes women’s inclusion and full participation, the structure of peace processes and the power dynamics they reflect continues to drive women’s de facto exclusion from them. While there is literature problematising women’s exclusion from formal peace processes, little knowledge exists on the more hidden and informal processes that drive these gendered exclusions. This article builds on the IR literature by also drawing insights from business and management literature—a sector which has advanced more rapidly than other sectors in acknowledging and breaking down the barriers to women’s advancement. Based on interviews with people active in peace processes, this article indicates that male “homosociality” is expressed in how competence is defined and in access to informal meetings, which play a role in reproducing men’s overrepresentation in peace processes.

Topics: Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Peace Processes, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS

Year: 2020

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