International Organizations

Citation:

Moser, Annalise, and Caroline Moser. 2005. “Gender Mainstreaming Since Beijing: A Review of Success and Limitations in International Institutions.” Gender and Development 13 (2): 11-22.

Authors: Annalise Moser, Caroline Moser

Abstract:

The Beijing Platform for Action prioritized gender mainstreaming as the mechanism to acheive gender equality. A decade later, policy makers and practitioners are debating whether this has succeeded or failed. This article aims to contribute to this debate by reviewing progress made to date, through a review of gender mainstreaming policies in international development institutions. Categorising progress into three stages--adoption of terminology, putting a policy into place, and implementation--the article argues that while most institutions have put gender mainstreaming policies in place, implementation remains inconsistent. Most important of all, the outcomes and impact of the implementation of gender mainstreaming in terms of gender equality remain largely unknown, with implications for the next decade's strategies.

Topics: Gender, Women, Gender Mainstreaming, International Organizations

Year: 2005

Citation:

Prügl, Elisabeth. 2004. “International Institutions and Feminist Politics.” Brown Journal of World Affairs 10 (2): 69-84.

Author: Elisabeth Prügl

Abstract:

Explores feminist and institutional literature for conceptual tools that could aid feminist analyses of global governance. Elements of a feminist-constructivist approach to institutions; Types of feminist politics; Propositions about institutions and gender politics.

Topics: Feminisms, Gender, Women, Governance, International Organizations

Year: 2004

Citation:

Gardam, Judith, and Hilary Charlesworth. 2000. “Protection of Women in Armed Conflict.” Human Rights Quarterly 22 (1): 148-66.

Authors: Judith Gardam, Hilary Charlesworth

Abstract:

This article examines the role of the international law in protecting women during armed conflict. The article takes note of role of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in addressing needs of women during armed conflict. Women increasingly bear the major burden of armed conflict. In recent years particular attention has been given to the question of violence against women in armed conflict. The significance of these developments is considerable. Considerable work has been done regarding women and armed conflict by institutions concerned with human rights violations against women generally. Indeed, the process of identifying women's particular experiences and demonstrating the failure of the law to acknowledge them is more advanced in this context than in organizations focusing solely on armed conflict. It is evident today that women experience armed conflict in a different way than men. The article concludes that the ICRC is finally recognizing the need to address the specific needs of women in armed conflict. However, a serious commitment to real change is needed. As the traditional guardian of International Humanitarian Law, the ICRC must take concrete steps to make the law relevant to the lives of the majority of the world's population.

Topics: Armed Conflict, Gender, Women, Gender-Based Violence, International Law, International Humanitarian Law (IHL), International Organizations, Rights, Human Rights, Women's Rights

Year: 2000

Citation:

Pankhurst, Donna. 2003. “The ‘Sex War’ and Other Wars: Towards a Feminist Approach to Peace Building.” Development in Practice 13 (2-3): 154–77.

Author: Donna Pankhurst

Abstract:

For more than a decade, resolutions from the UN and the European Commission have highlighted women's suffering during wars, and the unfairness of their treatment upon the return to peace. Yet the injustices and the hypocrisy continue. Women are reified as the peacemakers while they are excluded from peace processes. Women's suffering during war is held up as evidence of inhumanity by the same organisations that accept, if not promote, the marginalisation of women's needs during peacetime. The author reviews the processes through which these phenomena are perpetuated and outlines some ways forward which could help to break these cycles. (Oxfam)

Topics: Armed Conflict, Feminisms, Gender, Women, International Organizations, Peacebuilding, Peace Processes, Post-Conflict

Year: 2003

Citation:

Hafner-Burton, Emilie, and Mark A. Pollack. 2002. “Mainstreaming Gender in Global Governance.” European Journal of International Relations 8 (3): 339-73.

Authors: Emilie Hafner-Burton, Mark A. Pollack

Abstract:

In this article, we seek to explain both the origins of gender mainstreaming as a `policy frame' in International Relations, as well as the variable implementation of mainstreaming over time and across various international organizations. We emphasize that in the years since the UN Fourth World Women's Conference in Beijing (1995), mainstreaming has been endorsed and adopted not only by European organizations and governments, but also by nearly every important international organization, and we compare the adoption and implementation of mainstreaming in two international organizations, the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme. We suggest, however, that the rhetorical acceptance of mainstreaming by various international organizations obscures considerable diversity in both the timing and the nature of mainstreaming processes within and among organizations. This variation, we argue, can be explained in terms of the categories of political opportunity, mobilizing structures and strategic framing put forward by social movement theorists.

Keywords: framing, gender mainstreaming, global governance, mobilizing structures, political opportunity structure, social movements, United Nations Development Programme, World Bank

Topics: Gender, Gender Mainstreaming, Governance, International Financial Institutions, International Organizations

Year: 2002

Citation:

Cook, Tura Campanella. 2005. “International WILPF on the Middle East.” Peace & Freedom 65 (2): 10.

Author: Tura Campanella Cook

Abstract:

The article focuses on the Middle East (M.E.) Sections of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) in Palestine and Israel. It states that consultations were made to M.E. at every WILPF International Congress for advice on policies that affect them. It notes that the M.E. committee pressed for the implementation of United Nations (UN) Resolutions 242, 338, and those related to regional peace. Moreover, it cites that the U.S. WILPF program contains major facets of U.S. hegemony.

Topics: Civil Society, Gender, Women, International Organizations, Peacebuilding, Political Participation Regions: Africa, MENA, Asia, Middle East Countries: Israel, Palestine / Occupied Palestinian Territories

Year: 2005

Citation:

Allwood, Gill. 2013. “Gender Mainstreaming and Policy Coherence for Development: Unintended Gender Consequences and EU Policy.” Women’s Studies International Forum 39 (4): 42–52.

Author: Gill Allwood

Abstract:

This article argues that the unintended gender consequences of EU development policy are caused not (or not only) by the failure to gender mainstream, but by the way in which gender slips off the agenda once other policies intersect with development. Policy coherence for development (PCD) is an attempt to prevent policies in other areas having a negative impact on development, but although it claims that gender is a crosscutting issue, there is little evidence that gender features at the intersections between development and other related areas. Therefore, gender must be kept at the forefront of policy analysis if unintended gender consequences are to be avoided.

Topics: Development, Gender, Gender Mainstreaming, Gendered Power Relations, International Organizations, Political Participation Regions: Europe

Year: 2013