Households

Citation:

Martin, Susan Forbes, and John Tirman, eds. 2009. Women, Migration, and Conflict: Breaking a Deadly Cycle. New York: Springer.

Authors: John Tirman, Susan Forbes Martin

Annotation:

Topics: Armed Conflict, Displacement & Migration, Gender, Women, Girls, Boys, Health, Trauma, Households, International Organizations, NGOs, Sexual Violence

Year: 2009

Citation:

Fournier, Pascale. 2009. “Deconstructing the East/West Binary: Substantive Equality and Islamic Marriage in a Comparative Dialogue.” In Constituting Equality: Gender Equality and Comparative Constitutional Law, edited by Susan H. Williams, 157–72. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Author: Pascale Fournier

Topics: Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Households, Religion

Year: 2009

Citation:

Ager, Alastair, Wendy Ager, and Lynellyn Long. 1995. “The Differential Experience of Mozambican Refugee Women and Men.” Journal of Refugee Studies 8 (3): 265–87.

Authors: Alastair Ager, Wendy Ager, Lynellyn Long

Abstract:

This study examines differences in the experience of Mozambican women and men in refuge in Malawi in late 1990, with particular regard to the differential impact of assistance policies and programmes. Data collection was through a survey of 420 households and intensive qualitative interviews and daily schedule analysis with a representative focal sample of 20 individual refugees. Sample sites spanned both refugee camps and integrated settlement patterns. Data on educational activity indicated that established gender inequalities in schooling were perpetuated in the refugee setting. Programmed vocational training activities had little impact on income generation for either men or women. Whilst incomes were generally very low, the median income for women was zero. Work burden was generally heavier on women. Whilst the health status of men and women was similar, there was evidence of poorer health in female-headed households. Discussion focuses on the inter-relationship between these findings and refugee assistance efforts at the time of the study. In general terms, such assistance had clearly failed to significantly impact the key targets of substantive income generation for women and reduction in female work burden. Indeed, food relief policy and structures for refugee representation appeared to frequently exacerbate existing gender inequalities. Such findings regarding the differential experience of refugee women and men may be of considerable relevance to the planning and management of future refugee assistance programmes. In particular, the goals of increasing time availability for women and increasing support for indigenous action are commended.

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Forced Migration, Refugees, Refugee/IDP Camps, Education, Gender, Women, Men, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Health, Households, Humanitarian Assistance, Livelihoods Regions: Africa, Southern Africa Countries: Malawi, Mozambique

Year: 1995

Citation:

Annan, Jeannie, and Moriah Brier. 2010. “The Risk of Return: Intimate Partner Violence in Northern Uganda’s Armed Conflict.” Social Science & Medicine 70 (1): 152–9. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.027.

Authors: Jeannie Annan, Moriah Brier

Abstract:

The physical and psychological consequences of armed conflict and intimate partner violence are well documented. Less research focuses on their intersection and the linkages between domestic violence, gender-based discrimination, and the structural violence of poverty in armed conflict. This paper describes emerging themes from qualitative interviews with young women who have returned from abduction into the Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda, many of whom were forcibly given as "wives" to commanders. Their interviews reveal multiple levels of violence that some women experience in war, including physical and sexual violence in an armed group, verbal and physical abuse from extended family members, and intimate partner violence. Striking is the violence they describe after escaping from the rebels, when they are back with their families. The interviews point to how abduction into the armed group may exacerbate problems but highlight the structural factors that permit and sustain intimate partner violence, including gender inequalities, corruption in the police system, and devastating poverty. Findings suggest that decreasing household violence will depend on the strength of interventions to address all levels, including increasing educational and economic opportunities, increasing accountability of the criminal justice system, minimizing substance abuse, and improving the coping mechanisms of families and individuals exposed to extreme violence

Topics: Armed Conflict, Domestic Violence, Gender, Gender-Based Violence, Governance, Households, Sexual Violence, Male Perpetrators, SV against Women Regions: Africa, East Africa Countries: Uganda

Year: 2010

Citation:

Elliston, Deborah. 2004. “A Passion for the Nation: Masculinity, Modernity, and Nationalist Struggle.” American Ethnologist 31 (4): 606–30.

Author: Deborah Elliston

Abstract:

In the mid-1990s, young Polynesian men emerged at the frontlines of proindependence sentiment and mobilization in the Society Islands of France's overseas territory, French Polynesia. In this article, I ask why. In pursuing that question, I argue for the theoretical and empirical productivity of shifting the associations between masculinity and nationalist struggle out of the realm of common sense and into that of the sociological; that is, of moving away from the analytics of gender foundationalism and into interrogations of the very social processes through which gender differences, masculinities more specifically, are produced. Through ethnographic analysis of gendered labor practices and their mediation by and through households, I track how young men's positioning within those most local arenas of social action shaped their engagements with competing local formulations of tradition and modernity and, through those engagements, their commitments to large-scale nationalist struggle.

Topics: Gender, Men, Masculinity/ies, Households, Livelihoods, Nationalism Regions: Oceania

Year: 2004

Citation:

Brück, Tilman, and Kati Schindler. 2009. “The Impact of Violent Conflicts on Households: What Do We Know and What Should We Know About War Widows?” Oxford Development Studies 37 (3): 289–309.

Authors: Tilman Brück, Kati Schindler

Abstract:

This paper analyses how mass violent conflict and the legacy of conflict affect households in developing countries. It does so by pointing out how violent conflict impairs a household’s core functions, its boundaries, its choice of coping strategies and its well-being. The paper contributes to the literature on the economics of conflict, reconstruction and vulnerability in three ways. First, it addresses explicitly the level of analysis in the context of conflict by contrasting strengths and weaknesses of a unitary approach to the household and extending it to intra-household and group issues. Second, it identifies important research gaps in this field. Third, it highlights the economic situation of war widows in conflict-affected countries and discusses a case study of widows of the Rwandan genocide.

Topics: Armed Conflict, Economies, Gender, Women, Households, Post-Conflict, Post-Conflict Reconstruction Regions: Africa, Central Africa, East Africa Countries: Rwanda

Year: 2009

Citation:

Philips, Ruth B. 2001. “Too Close to Home? International Criminal Law, War Crimes and Family Violence.” Thomas Jefferson Law Review 24: 229-38.

Author: Ruth B. Philips

Abstract:

This essay is based on my March 2002 presentation at the Women and Law Conference at Thomas Jefferson School of Law. It is part of a larger investigation into the ways competing constructions of gender, national identity and sexual violence in the context of post-Cold War resurgent nationalisms are located in dominant liberal legal thought, and inform the development of international criminal law.

Topics: Households, International Law, International Criminal Law, Justice, War Crimes

Year: 2001

Citation:

McClintock, Anne. 1993. "Family Feuds: Gender, Nationalism and the Family." Feminist Review, no. 44, 61-80.

Author: Anne McClintock

Topics: Gender, Women, Households, Nationalism

Year: 1993

Citation:

Tully, Sheila R. 1995. “A Painful Purgatory: Grief and the Nicaraguan Mothers of the Disappeared.” Social Science & Medicine 40 (12): 1597–1610.

Author: Sheila R. Tully

Abstract:

In Latin America the past two decades have been marked by low-intensity conflicts, state-sponsored violence, and the creations of 'cultures of terror'. This research, conducted in Managua, Nicaragua during 1991-1992 examines the impact of political violence on a small group of women whose relatives were 'disappeared' during the Contra War. I discuss the lack of discourse about the disappeared and suggest possible reasons for this silence in the body politic, the community and the family.

The historical routinization of violence against the Nicaraguan poor and the continuing socio-political instability within the country present specific challenges to the healing processes of the Nicaraguan Mothers of the Disappeared. This article discusses some of the ways that these mothers challenge the collective silence and confront the public amnesia about what happened during the decade of war.

Keywords: Mothers of the Disappeared, low intensity warfare, suffering, terror

Topics: Gender, Women, Health, Mental Health, Trauma, Households, Violence Regions: Americas, Central America Countries: Nicaragua

Year: 1995

Citation:

Rajasingham-Senanayake, Darini. 2004. "Between Reality and Representation: Women’s Agency in War and Post-Conflict Sri Lanka." Cultural Dynamics 16: 141-68.

Author: Darini Rajasingham-Senanayake

Abstract:

During two decades of armed conflict in north east Sri Lanka, women have carved new spaces of agency and new roles as armed combatants, principal income generators or heads of household in the absence of men folk. Will they be pushed back into the kitchen' with a return to peace, also often indexed as a return to the pre-war gender status quo? This article focuses on women's agency in post-conflict Sri Lanka, where a peace process has been ongoing for two years, and asks if and how a return of peace may affect women's empowerment. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and analysis of the political economy of armed conflict, the article suggests that, contrary to nationalist imaginaries, the structure of the new war' in Sri Lanka may not permit a return to a pre-war gender status quo.

Topics: Armed Conflict, Combatants, Female Combatants, Gender, Women, Gender Roles, Gendered Power Relations, Households, Livelihoods, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Peace Processes, Political Economies, Political Participation, Post-Conflict, Post-Conflict Reconstruction Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Sri Lanka

Year: 2004