Gendered Power Relations

Women and Decentralized Water Governance: Issues, Challenges and the Way Forward

Citation:

Kulkarni, Seema. 2011. “Women and Decentralised Water Governance: Issues, Challenges and the Way Forward.” Economic & Political Weekly 46 (18): 64–72.

Author: Seema Kulkarni

Abstract:

Based on a study of water rights and women’s rights in decentralised water governance in Maharashtra and Gujarat, this paper argues that decentralisation will fail to meet its desired objectives unless the value systems, culture and the nature of institutions, including the family, change. While the policy initiative of introducing quotas for women in public bodies is welcome and necessary, it is certainly not sufficient for the success of decentralisation in a society ridden with discrimination based on class, caste and patriarchy, and where the culture of political patronage is dominant. The presence of vibrant social and political movements that propose alternative cultural, social and political paradigms would be a necessary foundation for major social changes. The success of decentralised water governance is constrained by the conceptualisation of the larger reform in water at one level and the notions of the normative woman, community, public and the private domains, and institutions at another. Unless all of these are altered, decentralised processes will not be truly democratic.

Topics: Caste, Class, Corruption, Democracy / Democratization, Environment, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Patriarchy, Governance, Quotas Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: India

Year: 2011

Quotas For Women in Elected Legislatures: Do They Really Empower Women?

Citation:

Tinker, Irene. 2004. “Quotas For Women in Elected Legislatures: Do They Really Empower Women?” Women’s Studies International Forum 27 (5–6): 531–46. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2004.09.008. 

Author: Irene Tinker

Abstract:

The demand for 30% reservations for women in electoral bodies has escalated in the last decade and has produced significant increases in women legislators in many countries. Those campaigning for quotas anticipated a change in government policies and priorities and an increased influence of women in decision-making. Such a shift in power depends both on the types of party systems and of electoral systems, issues widely overlooked. Utilizing proportional representation (PR) with a fixed party list system will certainly increase the number of women elected; but women selected must be party loyalists. Studies suggest their impact on policy is limited. Reservations in countries using the single-member constituency system require legal change. Women leaders of civil society organizations are more likely to win elections under the single-constituency system and thus have greater influence on policy. Many obstacles remain for women to be effective in all these male-dominated chambers.

Topics: Civil Society, Democracy / Democratization, Gender, Women, Gender Roles, Gender Balance, Gendered Power Relations, Governance, Quotas, Political Participation

Year: 2004

The Scandal of the State: Women, Law, Citizenship in Postcolonial India

Citation:

Sunder Rajan, Rajeswari. 2003. The Scandal of the State: Women, Law, Citizenship in Postcolonial India. Durham: Duke University Press.

Author: Rajeswari Sunder Rajan

Annotation:

Summary:

"The Scandal of the State is a revealing study of the relationship between the postcolonial, democratic Indian nation-state and Indian women’s actual needs and lives. Well-known for her work combining feminist theory and postcolonial studies, Rajeswari Sunder Rajan shows how the state is central to understanding women’s identities and how, reciprocally, women and “women’s issues” affect the state’s role and function. She argues that in India law and citizenship define for women not only the scope of political rights but also cultural identity and everyday life. Sunder Rajan delineates the postcolonial state in implicit contrast with the “enlightened,” postfeminist neoliberal state in the West. Her analysis wrestles with complex social realities, taking into account the influence of age, ethnicity, religion, and class on individual and group identities as well as the shifting, heterogeneous nature of the state itself."

 

“The Scandal of the State develops through a series of compelling case studies, each of which centers around an incident exposing the contradictory position of the Indian state vis-à-vis its female citizens and, ultimately, the inadequacy of its commitment to women’s rights. Sunder Rajan focuses on the custody battle over a Muslim child bride, the compulsory sterilization of mentally retarded women in state institutional care, female infanticide in Tamilnadu, prostitution as labor rather than crime, and the surrender of the female outlaw Phoolan Devi. She also looks at the ways the Uniform Civil Code presented many women with a stark choice between allegiance to their religion and community or the secular assertion of individual rights. Rich with theoretical acumen and activist passion, The Scandal of the State is a powerful critique of the mutual dependence of women and the state on one another in the specific context of a postcolonial modernity.” (Duke University Press)

 

Perception, treatment, abuse, and exploitation of women are all described as effects of corruption.

 
Table of Contents:
Preface ix

 

Acknowledgments xiii

 

1. Introduction: Women, Citizenship, Law, and the Indian State 1

 

I. Women in Custody

 

2. The Ameena “Case”: The Female Citizen and Subject 41

 

3. Beyond the Hysterectomies Scandal: Women, the Institution, Family, and State 72

 

II. Women in Law 

 

4. The Prostitution Question(s): Female Agency, Sexuality, and Work 117

 

5. Women Between Community and State: Some Implications of the Uniform Civil Code Debates 147

 

III. Killing Women 

 

6. Children of the State?: Unwanted Girls in Rural Tamilnadu 177

 

7. Outlaw Woman: The Politics of Phoolan Devi’s Surrender, 1983 212

 

Notes 237

 

References 279

 

Index 301

Topics: Coloniality/Post-Coloniality, Corruption, Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Religion, Rights, Women's Rights Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: India

Year: 2003

Women in Peace Politics

Citation:

Banerjee, Paula. 2008. Women in Peace Politics. New Delhi: SAGE Publications.

Author: Paula Banerjee

Annotation:

"Women in Peace Politics explores the role of women as agents and visionaries of peace in South Asia. Peace is redefined to include in its fold the attempt by women to be a part of the peace making process, reworking the structural inequalities faced by them and their struggle against all forms of oppression. This volume, the third in the series of the South Asia Peace Studies, deals with the myriad dimensions of peace as practised by South Asian women over a period of time. It chronicles the lives of "ordinary" women—their transformative role in peace and an attempt to create a space of their own. Their peace activism is examined in the historical context of their participation in national liberation movements since the early twentieth century. The articles in the collection adopt a new approach to understanding peace—as a desire to end repression that cuts across caste, class, race and gender and an effort on the part of women to transform their position in society."
-AbeBooks

Topics: Caste, Class, Conflict Prevention, Gender, Women, Gender Balance, Gendered Power Relations, Peacebuilding, Peace Processes, Political Participation, Race, Security, Human Security Regions: Asia, South Asia

Year: 2008

Women's Exclusion and Unfavorable Inclusion in Informal Employment in Lucknow, India: Barriers to Voice and Livelihood Security

Citation: Kantor, Paula. 2009. “Women’s Exclusion and Unfavorable Inclusion in Informal Employment in Lucknow, India: Barriers to Voice and Livelihood Security.” World Development 37 (1): 194–207. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.05.002.

Author: Paula Kantor

Abstract:

This paper provides comparative analyses across women’s employment-status groups to examine how processes of exclusion and constrained and adverse inclusion shape different women’s labor market opportunities and outcomes in Lucknow, India. It examines under what conditions, if at all, women’s labor contributes to household-poverty reduction and for which work types paid employment leads to increased voice for women in the household, one dimension of a process of empowerment. It finds that women’s labor force participation has a meager influence on household and individual level development outcomes largely due to the inter-related processes of exclusion and inclusion, where social norms and responsibilities for reproductive work can lead to constrained inclusion in the labor market, adversely affecting women’s terms of incorporation. The findings have relevance for programming focusing on improving the range and quality of choices for women in the paid economy.

Keywords: South Asia, India, informal employment, women, exclusion

Topics: Development, Economies, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Households, Livelihoods Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: India

Year: 2009

Electoral Politics: Making Quotas Work for Women

Citation: Tajali, Mona, and Homa Hoodfar. 2011. Electoral Politics: Making Quotas Work for Women. London, UK: Women Living Under Muslim Laws.

Authors: Homa Hoodfar, Mona Tajali

Topics: Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Governance, Quotas

Year: 2011

Just Add Women and Stir?

Citation:

Dharmapuri, Sahana. 2011. “Just Add Women and Stir?” Parameters 41(1): 56-70.

Author: Sahana Dharmapuri

Annotation:

Summary:
"Recent efforts made by UN peacekeeping missions and NATO to implement UN Resolution 1325, show that security actors are more successful when they take into account the different needs, status, and experience of men and women in the local population, and when peace and security missions include women in executing operations and decisionmaking. A growing body of evidence from the field reveals that the inclusion of women enhances operational effectiveness in three key ways: improved information gathering, enhanced credibility, and better force protection. Empirical evidence underscores the fact that attention to the different needs, interests, and experiences of men and women can enhance the success of a variety of security tasks, to the benefit of both civilians and soldiers" (Dharmapuri 2011, 56).

Topics: Gender, Gendered Discourses, Gendered Power Relations, Patriarchy, Gender Hierarchies, Gender Equality/Inequality, Political Participation, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325

Year: 2011

The Impact of Political Conflict on Women: The Case of Afghanistan

Citation:

Sima Wali, Elizabeth Gould, and Paul Fitzgerald. 1999. “The Impact of Political Conflict on Women: The Case of Afghanistan.” American Public Health Association, 1474–76.

 

Authors: Sima Wali, Elizabeth Gould, Paul Fitzgerald

Abstract:

“The article examines the link between the crises in women's health and human rights in Afghanistan and the political circumstances that caused them. The wall of silence that separated the political events of Communist era from their human consequences perpetuates humanitarian crises and frustrates relief workers and activists in their efforts to end crimes against humanity. As a result of the division between humanitarian crises and the political discourse that would alter them, conflicts remain unresolved, leaving the victims exposed to multiple abuses.”

 

(EBSCO host)

Topics: Armed Conflict, Ethnic/Communal Wars, Gender, Women, Gender Balance, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Justice, Crimes against Humanity, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militarism, Post-Conflict, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Rights, Human Rights, Women's Rights, Security, Human Security Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Afghanistan

Year: 1999

Violence, Terror, and Accountability in Afghanistan

Citation:

Wali, Sima. 2004. “Violence, Terror, and Accountability in Afghanistan.” Peace Review 16 (1): 75–78. doi:10.1080/1040265042000210193.

 

Author: Sima Wali

Topics: Combatants, Male Combatants, Gender, Women, Men, Gender-Based Violence, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militarism, Rights, Human Rights, Women's Rights, Security Regions: Asia, Central Asia Countries: Afghanistan

Year: 2004

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