Female Combatants

Citation:

Author: Rachel Brett

Abstract:

This paper is based on QUNO's research in The Voices of Girl Child Soldiers. It highlights those aspects of the research that add new dimensions and greater specificity to the problem of girl child soldiers, with implications for policy and programmatic issues. (Quaker United Nations Office)

Topics: Combatants, Child Soldiers, Female Combatants, Gender, Girls

Year: 2002

Citation:

Dyan, Mazurana. 2003. "Do Women Matter in Peacekeeping? Women in Police, Military and Civilian Peacekeeping." Canadian Woman Studies 22 (2): 64.

Author: Mazurana Dyan

Topics: Combatants, Female Combatants, Gender, Women, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militaries, Peacekeeping, Security

Year: 2003

Citation:

Albright, Todd S., Alan P. Gehrich, Johnnie Wright Jr., Christine F. Lettieri, Susan G. Dunlow, and Jerome L. Buller. 2007. “Pregnancy during Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom.” Military Medicine 172 (5): 511–14.

Authors: Todd Albright , Alan P. Gehrich, Johnnie Wright Jr., Christine F. Lettieri, Susan G. Dunlow, Jerome L. Buller

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate pregnancy during war-time deployment. A retrospective review of gynecology visits was evaluated at Camp Doha, Kuwait, from August 2003 through April 2004. Of the 1,737 visits, 77 demonstrated a positive pregnancy test. These charts were evaluated for factors that may lead to important information for future deployments. The average age of the female soldier with a positive pregnancy test in theater was 27 +/- 7 years. The primary presenting complaint was amenorrhea. Ninety-two percent had an ultrasound. Fifty-four percent of visits were active duty, followed by Reserve, National Guard, and civilian government employees. Ninety-two percent were administratively redeployed. Seventy-seven percent of the soldiers became pregnant in country. Twenty-three percent arrived in country pregnant. Given the number of pregnancies before and during deployment, current screening procedures as well as new concepts in prevention need to be addressed.

Topics: Armed Conflict, Combatants, Female Combatants, Gender, Women, Health, Reproductive Health, Military Forces & Armed Groups Regions: Americas, North America Countries: United States of America

Year: 2007

Citation:

Hale, Sondra. 2001. “The State of the Women’s Movement in Eritrea.” Northeast African Studies 8 (3): 155–77.

Author: Sondra Hale

Topics: Armed Conflict, National Liberation Wars, Combatants, Female Combatants, Democracy / Democratization, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Governance, Post-Conflict Governance, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militaries, Religion Regions: Africa, East Africa Countries: Eritrea

Year: 2001

Citation:

Gautam, Shobha, Amrita Banskota, and Rita Manchanda. 2001. “Where There Are No Men: Women in the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.” In Women, War and Peace in South Asia, edited by Rita Manchanda, 214-48. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

Authors: Shobha Gautam, Amrita Banskota, Rita Manchanda

Topics: Combatants, Female Combatants, Gender, Women, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Non-State Armed Groups Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Nepal

Year: 2001

Citation:

Ruddick, Sara. 1983. “Pacifying the Forces: Drafting Women in the Interests of Peace.” Signs 8 (3): 471–89.

Author: Sara Ruddick

Topics: Armed Conflict, Combatants, Female Combatants, Feminisms, Gender, Women, Masculinity/ies, Gendered Power Relations, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militaries, Militarism, Nonviolence, Peace Processes, Rights, Women's Rights

Year: 1983

Citation:

Rimalt, Noya. 2007. “Women in the Sphere of Masculinity: The Double-Edged Sword of Women’s Integration in the Military.” Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy 14 (2): 1097–119.

Author: Noya Rimalt

Abstract:

This article focuses on recent findings regarding women's growing integration in the military, using the Israeli experience of gender integration in the Israel Defense Forces as a case study for exploring the ongoing feminist debate on women's military service. At the heart of this debate lies the question whether women's equal integration in the military promotes or hinders gender equality. The article seeks to add to this discussion by providing a more nuanced understanding of the ways in which women's growing integration in traditionally masculine spheres in the military impacts gender equality. More than a decade after the IDF has formally started to implement programs for gender integration in combat roles, this article highlights and analyzes not only sheer statistics regarding women's growing integration in non-traditional roles in the military, but also the subjective viewpoints of those who are part of this newly established reality. The article concludes that the Israeli feminist struggle for gender integration in the military provides an intriguing illustration of the complexity and the enormous difficulty of women's path to equality. While the Israeli military's critical role in determining status and equal citizenship in society seems to require women to be part of this highly important social institute, it is questionable whether the integrationist strategy will ever enable them to win the battle for gender equality from within.

Topics: Citizenship, Combatants, Female Combatants, Feminisms, Gender, Women, Masculinity/ies, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militaries Regions: MENA, Asia, Middle East Countries: Israel

Year: 2007

Citation:

Kümmel, Gerhard. 2002. “Complete Access: Women in the Bundeswehr and Male Ambivalence.” Armed Forces & Society 28 (4): 555-73.

Author: Gerhard Kümmel

Abstract:

The article focuses on the position of women in the armed forces of Germany and the views of men towards it. The rejection of application of Tanja Kreil, an electrician, for voluntary service in the area of maintenance on gender ground in 1986 opened a debate. After a legal battle Kreil won and it opened the way for women in all services in Germany, including the armed forces. But recent studies in the armed forces showed that most of the person think that women are objects to be protected.

Topics: Combatants, Female Combatants, Gender, Women, Men, Gendered Power Relations, Military Forces & Armed Groups Regions: Europe, Central Europe Countries: Germany

Year: 2002

Citation:

Specht, Irma, and Larry Attree. 2006. “The Reintegration of Teenage Girls and Young Women.” Intervention 4 (3): 219–28. doi:10.1097/WTF.0b013e3280118167.

Authors: Irma Specht, Larry Attree

Abstract:

Women combatants are not a homogeneous group. The current approach of many Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) programmes is inappropriate for girls between 14 and 25 years of age. In order to provide reintegration assistance that has a significant long-term impact, it is essential first to understand why girls the join armed forces. Before DDR programme plans are finalized and programmes started, time and resources need to be invested firstly to locate the girls and then begin the process of understanding their potentials, vulnerabilities, dreams and ambitions.

Keywords: child soldiers, girl soldiers, reintegration, Liberia

Topics: Combatants, Female Combatants, DDR, Gender, Women, Girls, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Post-Conflict, Post-Conflict Reconstruction Regions: Africa, West Africa Countries: Liberia

Year: 2006

Citation:

Weber, Rachel N. 1997. “Manufacturing Gender in Commercial and Military Cockpit Design.” Science, Technology & Human Values 22 (2): 235–53. doi:10.1177/016224399702200204.

Author: Rachel N. Weber

Abstract:

Based primarily on original interviews, this article compares the treatment of gender as an ergonomic consideration within military and commercial cockpit design. Both defense and civilian cockpits have traditionally been built to engineering specifications based on male anthropometry and tend to embody a physical bias against women and smaller-statured men. However, the design of defense aircraft has been more highly regulated, and more efforts have been taken to ensure that a larger pool of otherwise eligible female pilots are accommodated by future systems, such as the Joint Primary Aircraft Training System (JPATS). The article demonstrates how and why the interests of women pilots could prevail in the traditionally male preserve of the military.

Topics: Combatants, Female Combatants, Gender, Gender Mainstreaming, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militaries

Year: 1997