Elections

Citation:

Lindeke, William A., and Winnie Wanzala. 1994. “Regional Elections in Namibia: Deepening Democracy and Gender Inclusion.” Africa Today 41 (3): 5–14.

Authors: William A. Lindeke, Winnie Wanzala

Topics: Democracy / Democratization, Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Governance, Elections, Political Participation Regions: Africa, Southern Africa Countries: Namibia

Year: 1994

Citation:

Luciak, Ilja. 2009. “The National Implementation of SCR 1325 in Latin America: Key Areas of Concern.” Paper presented at the Annual ISA-ABRI Joint International Meeting, Rio de Janeiro, July 22-24.

Author: Ilja Luciak

Abstract:

It is the premise of this paper that sustainable peace and development require the full implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325. The paper calls attention to the importance of implementing SCR 1325 by highlighting key areas of concern with a primary focus on a small sample of Latin American countries, including Colombia, Guatemala, El Salvador, Haiti, and Nicaragua. The paper discusses several recent and current peace processes in the region. It emphasizes that peace negotiations constitute a crucial entry point for considerations of gender justice. Thus it is essential that the process be inclusive. Yet women'€™s participation in formal peace processes continues to be limited and their contributions to informal peace processes are only starting to be recognized. Peace accords and subsequent constitution-building present important opportunities for countries emerging from conflict to transform their political systems toward greater gender equality. Several Latin American countries have advanced in the political reconstruction of their respective societies by instituting constitutional and electoral reforms in the wake of conflict. On the other hand, a discussion of disarmament and demobilization processes in the region and highlights the current lack of attention to gender considerations. Similarly, the gendered needs of refugees and internally displaced populations also require attention. Further, in addition to dealing with violent acts committed during war, governments need to address the security environment that emerges in the wake of conflict. Post-war violence, whether committed in the public or private sphere, plagues many countries in the region.

Topics: Armed Conflict, DDR, Displacement & Migration, IDPs, Refugees, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Governance, Constitutions, Elections, Post-Conflict Governance, Peace Processes, Post-Conflict, Security, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325, Violence Regions: Americas, Caribbean countries, Central America, North America, South America

Year: 2009

Citation:

Marx, Jutta, Jutta Borner, and Mariana Caminotti. 2009. “Gender Quotas, Candidate Selection, and Electoral Campaigns: Comparing Argentina and Brazil.” In Feminist Agendas and Democracy in Latin America, edited by Jane S. Jaquette, 45–64. Durham, London: Duke University Press.

Authors: Jutta Marx, Jutta Borner, Mariana Caminotti

Topics: Gender, Governance, Quotas, Elections Regions: Americas, South America Countries: Argentina, Brazil

Year: 2009

Citation:

Díaz-Cayeros, Alberto, Beatriz Magaloni, and Alex Ruiz Euler. 2010. “Information, Female Empowerment and Governance in Oaxaca, Mexico.” Working Paper Working No 544,  Center for International Development, Stanford University, Stanfort, California.

Authors: Alberto Díaz-Cayeros, Beatriz Magaloni, Alex Ruiz Euler

Abstract:

Topics: Development, Gender, Women, Governance, Elections, Political Participation Regions: Americas, North America Countries: Mexico

Year: 2010

Citation:

Baldez, Lisa. 2007. “Primaries vs. Quotas: Gender and Candidate Nominations in Mexico, 2003.” Latin American Politics and Society 49 (3): 69-96.

Author: Lisa Baldez

Abstract:

Parties throughout Latin America have recently addressed two distinct kinds of electoral reforms: primary elections and national-level gender quota laws. This study examines how these reforms interact, their mutual compatibility, and their effect on the nomination of men compared to that of women. It develops a series of hypotheses about this relationship by analyzing the 2003 legislative elections in Mexico, a case in which the three main parties relied on both gender quotas and primaries to select their candidates. Although the percentage of women elected to the Mexican Chamber of Deputies rose, the Federal Electoral Institute interpreted the gender quota law in a way that weakened its effect on women and limited the degree of openness in the primaries that were held.

Topics: Gender, Women, Governance, Quotas, Elections, Political Participation Regions: Americas, North America Countries: Mexico

Year: 2007

Citation:

Hinton, Rachael, Michelle Kopi, Angela Apa, Agnes Sil, Mary Kini, Jerry Kai, Yanny Guman, and Daniell Cowley. 2008. “The Kup Women for Peace Approach to Peacebuilding: Taking the Lead in the Papua New Guinea National Elections.” Gender & Development 16 (3): 523–33. doi:10.1080/13552070802465383.

Authors: Rachael Hinton, Michelle Kopi, Angela Apa, Agnes Sil, Mary Kini, Jerry Kai, Yanny Guman, Daniell Cowl

Abstract:

In seven short years, Kup Women for Peace, a community organisation in Papua New Guinea, has gone from tribal peacebuilding to ensuring a free, fair, and violence-free election in one small part of Simbu Province. The organisation's approach was multi-faceted and locally appropriate, enfranchising many women - and educating men - in the process. In a country where women are marginalised in decision-making structures, the implementation of UN Resolution 1325 could have a major impact on democratic processes and good governance. (Oxfam)

Topics: Democracy / Democratization, Gender, Women, Governance, Elections, Peacebuilding, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325, Violence Regions: Oceania Countries: Papua New Guinea

Year: 2008

Citation:

Blaydes, Lisa, and Safinaz El Tarouty. 2009. “Women’s Electoral Participation in Egypt: The Implications of Gender for Voter Recruitment and Mobilization.” Middle East Journal 63 (3): 364-80.

Authors: Lisa Blaydes, Safinaz El Tarouty

Abstract:

To what extent do gender considerations impact voter recruitment strategies in Middle Eastern elections? Based on an examination of voting behavior in Egypt, we find that clientelist voter recruitment tends to empower women economically rather than politically as elections provide an opportunity for disadvantaged women to sell their vote to local vote brokers or offer their vote to a local patron in exchange for a future payoff. In contrast, women who vote for Islamist candidates may be able to increase the influence of their political support by creating common knowledge about the popularity of their candidate and by reducing the effectiveness of government repression.

Topics: Corruption, Gender, Women, Governance, Elections, Political Participation, Religion Regions: Africa, MENA, North Africa, Middle East Countries: Egypt

Year: 2009

Citation:

Childs, Sarah, and Mona Lena Krook. 2010. Women, Gender, and Politics: A Reader. New York: Oxford University Press.

Authors: Sarah Childs, Mona Lena Krook

Abstract:

Women, Gender, and Politics brings together both classic and recent readings on central topics in the study of gender and politics, and places an emphasis on comparing developed and developing countries. Genuinely international in its focus, the book is divided into six sections to reflect the range of research in the subfield: (1) women and social movements, (2) women and political parties, (3) women, gender, and elections, (4) women, gender, and political representation, (5) women, gender, and social policies, and (6) women, gender, and the state. Each section serves as an introduction to general trends in thinking about women and politics, and the readings capture the ways that research has developed both thematically and chronologically in all of the six broad areas. The volume's innovative design, global approach, and comprehensive coverage make it an ideal teaching book and a valuable resource for students and scholars throughout the world. (Amazon)

Topics: Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Governance, Elections, International Organizations, Political Participation

Year: 2010

Citation:

Yoon, Mi Yung. 2004. “Explaining Women’s Legislative Representation in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 29 (3): 447–68. doi:10.3162/036298004X201258.

Author: Mi Yung Yoon

Abstract:

This study examines the relative impacts of social, economic, cultural, and political determinants on women's legislative representation in sub-Saharan Africa by using an ordinary least squares multiple regression model. Under study are sub-Saharan African countries that held democratic legislative elections between January 1990 and June 30, 2001. Only the latest election in each country is included for analysis. My study finds that patriarchal culture, proportional representation systems, and gender quotas are statistically significant. This study, by focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, fills a gap in the extant literature, which has focused on women's legislative representation in advanced industrialized democracies.

Topics: Democracy / Democratization, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Patriarchy, Governance, Quotas, Elections, Political Participation Regions: Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, West Africa

Year: 2004

Citation:

Waylen, Georgina. 1994. “Women and Democratization Conceptualizing Gender Relations in Transition Politics.” World Politics 46 (3): 327–54. doi:10.2307/2950685.

Author: Georgina Waylen

Abstract:

This article examines the impact of gender relations on democratization. It considers a number of key questions: what role do women's movements play in the transition to democratic rule and what impact does a return to competitive electoral politics have on women and women's movements. The starting point is a critique of the existing literature on democratization. That literature cannot provide a satisfactory analysis of the role of women in transition politics because of the narrow definitions of democracy used and the top-down focus of much of it. The article then develops a gendered analysis through a comparison of the different processes of transition in Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe. It highlights the significance of the relationship between civil society and the state and the existence of “political space.”

Topics: Democracy / Democratization, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Governance, Elections, Political Participation Regions: Americas, Caribbean countries, Central America, North America, South America, Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe

Year: 1994