Development

Citation:

Darkwah, Akosua K. 2010. “The Impact of Oil and Gas Discovery and Exploration on Communities with Emphasis on Women.” Department of Sociology, University of Ghana. 

Author: Akosua K Darkwah

Topics: Development, Extractive Industries, Gender, Women Regions: Africa, West Africa Countries: Ghana

Year: 2010

Citation:

Botha, Doret and Freek Cronje. 2015. “Women in Mining : A Conceptual Framework for Gender Issues in the South African Mining Sector.” South African Journal of Labour Relations 39 (1): 10-37.

Authors: Doret Botha, Freek Cronje

Abstract:

New mining legislation aims to rectify previous inequalities and disadvantages in the mining sector and specifically provides for the inclusion of women in core mining activities. Although there is no lack of good will, the achievement of gender equality in the male-dominated mining sector remains one of the biggest equity challenges in the country and numerous problems accompany the deployment of women in core mining activities. The main objective of the study was to critically analyse gender issues in the mining sector and then to develop a conceptual framework that will enable the mining sector to contribute to and ensure the sustainable employment of women in this sector. A literature review was carried out to gain an in-depth understanding of the variables that have an impact on women in the mining sector specifically. An empirical study was conducted to identify and investigate relevant gender-related issues in the mining sector. Quantitative and qualitative research paradigms were used. The research revealed that various factors need to be considered for the successful and sustainable deployment of women in the mining sector. The study concludes by making recommendations and offering a conceptual framework that could be implemented and used by various stakeholders in the mining sector.

Topics: Development, Economies, Economic Inequality, Extractive Industries, Gender, Women, Gender Roles, Gender Balance, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Gender Equity, Livelihoods Regions: Africa, Southern Africa Countries: South Africa

Year: 2015

Citation:

Adusah-Karikari, Augustina. 2015. “Black Gold in Ghana: Changing Livelihoods for Women in Communities Affected by Oil Production.” The Extractive Industries and Society 2 (1): 24–32.

Author: Augustina Adusah-Karikari

Abstract:

This paper explores women’s diverse situations in the oil-producing coastal communities of Western Ghana, and the institutions that frame those situations. It examines how women’s private and public spaces have been reformulated by the production of oil in their community. The study engaged in different forms of qualitative inquiry: focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and participant observation. Findings reveal the oil exploration and production in Ghana has spawned a new social order in which women’s activities and livelihoods are invisible, thereby increasing their vulnerabilities. The case provides valuable insight for understanding the potential gender imbalances the oil industry may produce, and aims to assist government officials with framing policies to preempt or mitigate some of the adverse community-level impacts that may arise.

Keywords: oil, women's livelihoods, developing countries, oil communities

Topics: Development, Economies, Extractive Industries, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Livelihoods Regions: Africa, West Africa Countries: Ghana

Year: 2015

Citation:

Ross, Michael L. 2009. “Does Oil Wealth Hurt Women? A Reply to Caraway, Charrad, Kang, and Norris.” Politics & Gender 5 (04): 575-82.

Author: Michael Ross

Topics: Development, Economies, Economic Inequality, Extractive Industries, Gender, Women, Livelihoods, Political Economies, Political Participation

Year: 2009

Citation:

Anugwom, Edlyne. 2007. “Stuck in the Middle: Women and the Struggle for Survival in the Oil-Degraded Niger Delta.” Agenda: Empowering Women For Gender Equity, Biopolitics: New Technologies Trilogy, 1 (1): 58–68.

Author: Edlyne Anugwom

Abstract:

This focus examines the relevance of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) as economic and empowering mechanisms for women in the oil degraded Niger Delta region of Nigeria. While ICTs have become increasingly popular in the region and have provided economic niches for women, influence of ICTs has differed significantly between urban and rural women. Therefore, while urban women are now heavily engaged in various ICT businesses, like call centres and cyber cafés, the economic degeneration and underdevelopment of the rural enclaves have limited the commercial viability of ICTs for women. In spite of this, ICTs are important in both rural and urban areas in the region in terms of improving the knowledge base of women and enabling them to articulate their positions. Generally, the effective usage of ICTs, whether for leisure or commercial purposes, has been limited by structural constraints ranging from dearth of electricity to impoverished economic situations of women. However, the different impact of ICTs on women in urban and rural areas calls for a policy orientation that is conversant with the peculiar needs of women in both areas and the improvement of the general socio-economic situation of the rural enclaves.

Topics: Development, Economies, Education, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Infrastructure, Information & Communication Technologies, Livelihoods Regions: Africa, West Africa Countries: Nigeria

Year: 2007

Citation:

Porter, Gina. 2002. “Living in a Walking World: Rural Mobility and Social Equity Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa.” World Development 30 (2): 285-300. 

Author: Gina Porter

Abstract:

Accessibility and mobility are embedded in the development nexus in far-reaching ways. Field studies of mobility among women and men in rural settlements with poor road access illustrate the frustrations and costs of living off-road. They are frequently marginalized and invisible, even to local administrations. State decentralization appears to have had little positive impact in reducing ‘‘tarmac bias’’ and improving rural service delivery. A range of potential interventions, from Intermediate Means of Transport to electronic communications is reviewed, and opportunities for building social capital in off-road areas through nurturing improvements in state–civil society relations are considered.

Keywords: accessibility, mobility, off-road, decentralization, Africa, services

Topics: Civil Society, Development, Economies, Economic Inequality, Gender, Women, Men, Infrastructure, Transportation Regions: Africa

Year: 2002

Citation:

Rosen, Ellen Israel. 2002. Making Sweatshops: The Globalization of the U.S. Apparel Industry. Oakland, California: University of California Press.

Author: Ellen Israel Rosen

Abstract:

The only comprehensive historical analysis of the globalization of the U.S. apparel industry, this book focuses on the reemergence of sweatshops in the United States and the growth of new ones abroad. Ellen Israel Rosen, who has spent more than a decade investigating the problems of America's domestic apparel workers, now probes the shifts in trade policy and global economics that have spawned momentous changes in the international apparel and textile trade. "Making Sweatshops "asks whether the process of globalization can be promoted in ways that blend industrialization and economic development in both poor and rich countries with concerns for social and economic justice-especially for the women who toil in the industry's low-wage sites around the world. Rosen looks closely at the role trade policy has played in globalization in this industry. She traces the history of current policies toward the textile and apparel trade to cold war politics and the reconstruction of the Pacific Rim economies after World War II. Her narrative takes us through the rise of protectionism and the subsequent dismantling of trade protection during the Reagan era to the passage of NAFTA and the continued push for trade accords through the WTO. Going beyond purely economic factors, this valuable study elaborates the full historical and political context in which the globalization of textiles and apparel has taken place. Rosen takes a critical look at the promises of prosperity, both in the U.S. and in developing countries, made by advocates for the global expansion of these industries. She offers evidence to suggest that this process may inevitably create new and more extreme forms of poverty.

Topics: Development, Economies, Poverty, Gender, Women, Globalization, Justice, Livelihoods, Political Economies Regions: Americas, North America Countries: United States of America

Year: 2002

Citation:

Benería, Lourdes, Berik Gunselli, and Maria Floro. 2003. Gender, Development, and Globalization: Economics as If All People Mattered. New York: Routledge.

Authors: Lourdes Benería, Berik Gunselli, Maria Floro

Abstract:

With Cold War politics lost as the organizing principle behind international politics, development has become the most import policy goal of every international organization. There is an underside (and a human side) to development, and feminism has made inroads into the highly technical debates and frothy prophecies by examining what the future really holds for the people who will live it. This book highlights the ways in which feminist analysis has contributed to a richer understanding of international development and globalization. By combining theoretical, empirical, and political perspectives and discussing cutting-edge debates around development, globalization, economic restructuring, and feminist economics, Gender, Development and Globalization presents the ultimate primer on global feminist economics.

Topics: Development, Economies, Feminisms, Gender, Gender Analysis, Globalization, International Organizations, Political Economies

Year: 2003

Citation:

Balakrishnan, Radhika. 2002. The Hidden Assembly Line: Gender Dynamics of Subcontracted Work in a Global Economy. Boulder, Colorado: Kumarian Press.

Author: Radhika Balakrishnan

Abstract:

Looks at the economic trends impacting Asian women and subcontracted labor, illuminating the lives of the millions of women struggling in low-wage jobs. Presents case studies from Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and India. Provides examples of strategic responses from NGOs, unions, and activists, The Hidden Assembly Line studies the impact of subcontracted work in different national settings, linking it to the global economy and to changes in women’s financial security and work opportunities. The contributors debate the implications for women’s empowerment and for the changing social relations of production. This book contains clear, practical information for scholars, students and researchers interested in women’s roles regarding economic development and the globalization of the world economy.

Topics: Development, Economies, Gender, Women, Gender Roles, Globalization, Livelihoods, NGOs, Political Economies, Security Regions: Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia Countries: India, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka

Year: 2002

Citation:

Hutchings, Kate, Pamela Lirio, and Beverly Dawn Metcalfe. 2012. "Gender, globalisation and development: a re-evaluation of the nature of women’s global work." The International Journal of Human Resource Management 23 (9): 1763–87.

Authors: Kate Hutchings, Pamela Lirio, Beverly Dawn Metcalfe

Abstract:

Though women remain under-represented among expatriate managers due to a range of organisational and cultural barriers in selection and individual relocation concerns, they have begun to pursue alternative routes towards a global career such as frequent travel and undertaking domestic positions with international development and community development responsibilities. In this paper, we explore the perceptions that Middle Eastern and North American women have of traditional and new trajectories in global work and careers and conclude that increased flexibility allows women to pursue global development opportunities differently throughout their lifetime careers, permitting them to adapt to work–life circumstances. Thus, our research provides new insights into the nature and dynamic of the nature of women’s global work and careers.

Keywords: development organizations, global careers, middle east, North America, women

Topics: Development, Economies, Gender, Women, International Organizations, Livelihoods Regions: Africa, MENA, Americas, North America

Year: 2012