Climate Change

Impact of Climate Change to Women Exacerbated by Gender Inequality: A Case Study of Lao Cai

Citation:

Thuy, Nguyen Thi Thu, and Phan Thanh Thanh. 2019. "Impact of Climate Change to Women Exacerbated by Gender Inequality: A Case Study of Lao Cai." KKU International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 9 (2): 118-47.

Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy, Phan Thanh Thanh

Abstract:

This paper is based on the results of a study conducted in Lao Cai to explore how climate change affects to women’s agricultural activities as well as how gender inequality strengthens the impacts. The method of this study is qualitative with data collected in three communes of Ban Qua, Quang Kim and Muong Vi in Bat Xat district with qualitative tools namely expert interviews, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion and quantitative tool namely survey. The finding of the research is that firstly, climate change can lead to vulnerable livelihoods. Moreover, the consequences of climate change are by no means gender-neutral. This is related to the second finding that traditional system of Vietnam is patriarchy and Confucianism in which women have to devote their time to family, have lower social status, have limited access to natural, financial and educational resources. The conclusion of the research is that women can be an effective agent of changes in climate change adaptation if they have more capitals such as finance, network and capabilities such as technical knowledge and sciences in agriculture. 

Keywords: gender inequality, women empowerment, climate change adaptation, food security, right to food

Topics: Economies, Poverty, Environment, Climate Change, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Rights, Security, Food Security Regions: Asia, Southeast Asia Countries: Vietnam

Year: 2019

Female Contribution to Grassroots Innovation for Climate Change Adaptation in Bangladesh

Citation:

Khalil, Momtaj Bintay, Brent C. Jacobs, Kylie McKenna, and Natasha Kuruppu. 2019. "Female Contribution to Grassroots Innovation for Climate Change Adaptation in Bangladesh." Climate and Development. doi: 10.1080/17565529.2019.1676188.
 

Authors: Momtaj Bintay Khalil, Brent C. Jacobs, Kylie McKenna, Natasha Kuruppu

Abstract:

This paper reports a mixed-method study from 2016 in Gabura, Bangladesh examining female contribution to climate change adaptation in the period post-cyclone Aila in 2009. Out of 110 households studied, male household members were absent in 66 cases because they had migrated to nearby towns and regional centres for alternative livelihood options. Male members’ absence created opportunities for Gabura women to develop a range of novel adaptation strategies through engagement with aid agencies, changed gender roles, leveraging social capital and utilizing local knowledge. For example, women are increasingly contributing to income through works within and outside of the house in agricultural innovations and handmade productions. These adaptations are built on social capital and trust between community women and the NGOs through mobilization and sharing of local knowledge. Based on the findings, a framework for informed autonomous adaptation is proposed. The generalization of coastal women in developing contexts as passive victims of climate change due to social norms and instead highlights women’s active agencies in adaptation is challenged. There is a need for a critical understanding of gender-specific dynamics in post-cyclone aid interventions towards in-situ climate change adaptation.
 

Keywords: Bangladesh, women, local knowledge, social capital, Gender, climate change adaptation

Topics: Agriculture, Environment, Climate Change, Environmental Disasters, Gender, Women, Households, Livelihoods, NGOs Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Bangladesh

Year: 2019

Social Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Impacts of Women-headed Households in the Philippines: A Comparative Analysis

Citation:

Delfino, Ariel, Josefina Dizon, Maria Ana Quimbo, and Dinah Pura Depositario. 2019. "Social Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Impacts of Women-headed Households in the Philippines: A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 22 (2): 36-54.

Authors: Ariel N. Delfino, Josefina T. Dizon, Maria Ana T. Quimbo, Dinah Pura T. Depositario

Abstract:

This study analyzed the social vulnerability and adaptive capacity to climate change impacts of women-headed households in two remote coastal communities in Lagonoy, Camarines Sur. Quantitative method following descriptive-correlational research design was employed. Out of 281 WHHs, 162 were randomly selected as the respondents of this study. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), t-test for independent samples, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Women-headed households in the two remote coastal communities have moderate to high vulnerability in terms of demographic, economic, and social factors. No significant difference was found in their level of social vulnerability; however, a substantial difference was found in the adaptive capacity of the respondents from the East and North coastal communities. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the number of household members with disabilities, affiliation with social groups, time travel of the respondents, and household size were significant factors influencing social vulnerability in the two remote coastal communities. The study recommends formulating effective climate change policies and responsive strategies that enhance the rights and welfare of these households for equal distribution and access to resources, especially in socio-political structures in the community.

Keywords: adaptive capacity, climate change impacts, coastal communities, social vulnerability, women-headed households

Topics: Environment, Climate Change, Gender, Women, Households, Rights Regions: Asia, Southeast Asia Countries: Philippines

Year: 2019

Water Access in Changing Climate in Bangladesh: A Study of Social Impacts on Women who Manage Household Water

Citation:

Islam, M. Rafiqul. 2020. "Water Access in Changing Climate in Bangladesh: A Study of Social Impacts on Women who Manage Household Water." Bandung 7 (1): 107-29.

Author: M. Rafiqul Islam

Abstract:

Access to water depends on the availability of water but climate change impact such as sea level rise, increase frequency and intensity of cyclone, floods, and erratic rainfall reduces the availability of water by either polluting water sources or damaging water supply and management infrastructure. Women are the worst victims of climate change regarding water access as they are primarily responsible for managing water for the household. This study focuses on how climate change is responsible for reducing water access and subsequently bear on women in addressing the water crisis problem. The study found that women face challenges in access to water that affect them in terms of less time, physical and mental health problems, sexual assault/harassment, violence in the household, reduce their income, children’s education, early marriage, divorce, and make more difficult to perform their responsibility. Initiatives should be taken to enhance water access for women on a priority basis.

Keywords: access to water, availability of water, climate change impact, water crises, women, Rainwater harvesting

Topics: Education, Environment, Climate Change, Gender, Women, Health, Mental Health, Households, Infrastructure, Water & Sanitation, Sexual Violence, SV against Women

Year: 2020

Confronting Populationism: Feminist Challenges to Population Control in an Era of Climate Change

Citation:

Hendrixson, Anne, Diana Ojeda, Jade S. Sasser, Sarojini Nadimpally, Ellen E. Foley, and Rajani Bhatia. 2019. "Confronting Populationism: Feminist Challenges to Population Control in an Era of Climate Change." Gender, Place & Culture: 307-15. doi:10.1080/0966369X.2019.1639634.

Authors: Anne Hendrixson, Diana Ojeda, Jade S. Sasser, Sarojini Nadimpally, Ellen E. Foley, Rajani Bhatia

Abstract:

In this themed section, we identify three forms of populationism and bring them into conversation, which allows us to mount feminist challenges to present day forms of population control. These interventions are timely and necessary because of the continued prevalence of population control ideology and population alarmism in sustainable development and climate change policy and programs. We issue a direct challenge to scholarship that links population reduction with climate change adaptation and mitigation and the survival of the planet. The introduction provides an overview of our key argument, that seemingly disparate phenomena—technocratic approaches to fertility control, climate change securitization, Zika assemblages, neo-Malthusian articulations of the Anthropocene, and ‘climate-smart’ agriculture—are entangled with and expressions of demo, geo and biopopulationisms. We employ feminist critiques to contest these manifestations of population control that restrict bodies, reinforce boundaries, and create spaces of exclusion and violence.

Keywords: biopopulationism, demopopulationism, geopopulationism, populationism, population control

Topics: Development, Environment, Climate Change, Feminisms, Violence

Year: 2019

Gender Integration in Climate Change and Agricultural Policies: The Case of Nepal

Citation:

Paudyal, Bimala Rai, Nitya Chanana, Arun Khatri-Chhetri, Lakpa Sherpa, Ishwori Kadariya, and Pramod Aggarwal. 2019. "Gender Integration in Climate Change and Agricultural Policies: The Case of Nepal." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 3.

Authors: Bimala Rai Paudyal, Nitya Chanana, Arun Khatri-Chhetri, Lakpa Sherpa, Ishwori Kadariya, Pramod Aggarwal

Keywords: climate change adaptation, climate-smart agriculture, Gender, Nepal, policy

Annotation:

Summary:
"Gender integration across national policy processes is critical to ensure effective implementation of climate change adaptation interventions in agriculture. This is especially so for countries like Nepal, where climate vulnerability and women participation in agriculture is high, accompanied by gender gaps in access to information, technologies, markets, and labor burden. To do this, it becomes necessary to address the inter-related issues of gender, agriculture, and climate change instead of looking at them in isolation. This study, therefore, highlights policy gaps to suggest a set of recommendations for improving gender responsiveness at policy level in Nepal. It presents the gender gaps that women face in agriculture, based on data collected from five districts of the country. Subsequently, using the concept of gender-agriculture climate change nexus, it analyses 20 government policies and related documents of Nepal based on a set of five indicators. The policy analysis elucidates the level of gender integration in agriculture and climate change policies in the country. Eleven of the 15 agriculture related documents acknowledge the need to focus on women farmers, with nine of them also defining provisions for women-related issues in agriculture. Two of the five climate change policies merely acknowledge gender issues related to climate change. However, only two of the 20 policy documents recognize the need to address gender, climate change, and agricultural issues in coherence. Accordingly, the paper proposes a framework highlighting key points to make policy process and implementation plans in the agriculture sector more gender responsive in Nepal, focusing on the development and promotion of gender responsive Climate-Smart Agriculture technologies and practices. It suggests measures to increase access of assets and services to women farmers, improve their capacity to participate in decision making across levels, and promote transformative changes at both local and policy level" (Paudyal et al. 2019).

Topics: Agriculture, Environment, Climate Change, Gender, Governance Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Nepal

Year: 2019

Toward Gender Sensitivity: Women and Climate Change Policies in China

Citation:

Zhou, Yuan, and Xiaoyan Sun. 2020. "Toward Gender Sensitivity: Women and Climate Change Policies in China." International Feminist Journal of Politics 22 (1): 127-49.

Authors: Yuan Zhou, Xiaoyan Sun

Abstract:

Climate change and environmental protection have become increasingly important in China. The country has formulated and strictly enforced a series of policies to address climate change directly. This article argues for the importance of studying China’s climate change policies from a gender perspective, particularly given the speed and import of action. It does so in three steps. First, it examines gendered differences in perceptions of climate change and in the impacts of climate change policies. Second, it examines the environment-related content in China’s gender policies and the gender-related content in its climate change policies. Through the comparison between these two, we argue that it is easier to include climate change in gender policies in China than to include gender in climate change policies and that the integration of these two is anything but robust. Third, we analyze the multiple and varied roles played by women in climate change policy making, as well as women’s conspicuous absence from some key high-level political conversations. The article concludes that gender awareness in Chinese climate change policy needs to be supplemented by gender sensitivity and we suggest some measures to move toward this goal.

Keywords: Gender, China, gender sensitivity, climate change, environment

Topics: Environment, Climate Change, Gender, Governance, Political Participation Regions: Asia, East Asia Countries: China

Year: 2020

Climate Change and Women in South Asia: A Review and Future Policy Implications

Citation:

Patel, Sangram Kishor, Gopal Agrawal, Bincy Mathew, Sunita Patel, Biswajit Mohanty, and Abhishek Singh. 2019. "Climate Change and Women in South Asia: A Review and Future Policy Implications." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 17 (2): 145-66.

Authors: Sangram Kishor Patel, Gopal Agrawal, Bincy Mathew, Sunita Patel, Biswajit Mohanty, Abhishek Singh

Abstract:

Purpose: South Asian region is a focal point owing to its vulnerabilities to climate-sensitive diseases, dependence on climate-sensitive livelihoods, projected levels of crop decline in the region, and high rates of poverty and malnutrition. Women are particularly vulnerable to climate change and this affects women disproportionately during different extreme events. The purpose of this paper is to understand the issue of climate change and its impact, and climate resilience among women in South Asia. Further, it also identifies the gaps and suggests future policy implications. 
 
Design/methodology/approach: Climate change is increasingly being recognised as an alarming issue and the present review is important when South Asian countries are facing the brunt of climate change impacts. This paper tries to understand the issue by review of the literature and conceptual framework methodology. To understand women’s vulnerability due to climate change and its aftermath, the authors conducted both offline and online desk reviews for this study. 
 
Findings: The findings of this study show a clear linkage between climate change and women’s vulnerabilities in South Asia. Climate change has significant socio-economic impacts on women, and it affects them disproportionately in various domains of agriculture, livelihood, food security, both physical and mental health, water and sanitation in the South Asia region. 
 
Practical implications: The paper also highlights that the programmes that aim at combating the effects of climate change require a gender-sensitive approach so that climate change does not obstruct the development and reduction of poverty in the region. 
 
Social implications: The findings of this paper will add value in helping families to come out of poverty by undertaking adaptive measures with proactive assistance from the government and grassroots level organisations. 
 
Originality/value: The present study also advocates for more gender- and climate-sensitive measures from governments, and implementation of intervention- and evidence-based research in the South Asian countries.

 

Keywords: women, resilience, climate change, South Asia, extreme events

Topics: Agriculture, Economies, Poverty, Environment, Climate Change, Health, Mental Health, Infrastructure, Water & Sanitation, Livelihoods, Security, Food Security Regions: Asia, South Asia

Year: 2019

Women in a Climate Changing World. The Need of a Policy Solution for Cross-Border Displacement

Citation:

del Corral, Beatriz López-Fanjul Díez. 2020. "Women in a Climate Changing World. The Need of a Policy Solution for Cross-Border Displacement." In Climate Change, Hazards and Adaptation Options, edited by Walter Leal Filho, Gustavo J. Nagy, Marco Borga, and Pastor David Chávez Muñoz, 523-43. Cham: Springer, Cham.

Author: Beatriz López-Fanjul Díez del Corral

Abstract:

An international framework that addresses displacement across borders due to sudden events does not exist, and a policy embracing a gender perspective on the topic is lacking. This absence of specific regulations on the matter leaves women in a vulnerable situation. The purpose of this work is to advance knowledge in order to identify international policy conventions and agreements that consider climate change disasters, gender and migration, to provide support for women and girls of developing countries when a sudden disaster strikes their communities, a situation where cross border displacement is the only option. This report strives to clarify the importance of having an equity perspective to create equality between genders in a migration process. This is not equivalent to favor one gender upon the other, but simply stresses the fact that the “starting line” for women and girls is not the same as that for men. It is important to consider this positive discrimination of women as a first step to create gender equality by building empowerment through resilience and coping capacity.

Keywords: displacement, Gender, women, sudden disaster, vulnerability assessment, climate change

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Climate Displacement, Environment, Climate Change, Environmental Disasters, Gender, Women, Girls, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Gender Equity, Governance

Year: 2020

Impacts of Climate Change Induced Migration on Gender: A Qualitative Study from the Southwest Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Citation:

Sams, Ishita Shahid. 2019. "Impacts of Climate Change Induced Migration on Gender: A Qualitative Study from the Southwest Coastal Region of Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Science Studies 7 (4): 57-68.

Author: Ishita Shahid Sams

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to explore the gender variation of the impact of climate change induced migration. This paper highlights the gender dimensions of climate change induced migration where gender is a vital element for determining vulnerability to climate change which influences the subsequent migration. Actually, the impacts of climate change induced natural disasters are not gender neutral because the experiences, needs and priorities of the climate migrants are varied by gender roles and position. In this research, we explore the socioeconomic impacts of the climate migrants on gender from the evidence of the southwest coastal women and men of Bangladesh. The qualitative data were collected from the cyclone-affected migrants who were migrated internally from the disaster-prone southwest coastal region and lived in the city slums of Khulna in Bangladesh. This study is described the gender differentiation between women and men in case of climate change induced migration according to social, economical, ecological, organizational, occupational, educational, and physical aspects which tend to be highly gendered. The study results show that among climate migrants, women are more vulnerable than men due to theri socioeconomic condition and gender discrimination in the patriarchal society of Bangladesh who are likely to be poorer, less educated, have a lower social status and have limited access to and control over natural resources.

Keywords: climate change, natural disaster, migration, Gender, vulnerability, coastal region, Bangladesh

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Climate Displacement, Economies, Poverty, Education, Environment, Climate Change, Environmental Disasters, Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Patriarchy Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Bangladesh

Year: 2019

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