Asia

Citation:

Khan, Ayesha. 2002. “Afghan Refugee Women’s Experience of Conflict and Disintegration.” Meridians 3 (1): 89–121.

Author: Ayesha Khan

Topics: Armed Conflict, Displacement & Migration, Refugees, Gender, Women Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Afghanistan

Year: 2002

Citation:

Vandenberg, Martina, and Kelly Askin. 2001. “Chechnya: Another Battleground for the Perpetration of Gender Based Crimes.” Human Rights Review 2 (3): 140–9.

Authors: Martina Vandenberg, Kelly Askin

Topics: Gender, Gender-Based Violence, Justice, Rights, Human Rights, Sexual Violence, Rape Regions: Asia, Europe Countries: Russian Federation

Year: 2001

Citation:

Rossi, Simonetta, and Antonio Giustozzi. 2006. “Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration of Ex-Combatants (DDR) in Afghanistan: Constraints and Limited Capabilities.” Crisis States Series Working Paper 02-02, Crisis States Research Centre, DESTIN, London School of Economics and Political Science, London.

Authors: Simonetta Rossi, Antonio Giustozzi

Abstract:

This paper examines the efforts towards DDR in Afghanistan and the widening gap between programme goals and the reality on the ground. It examines the experiences of targeted and non-targeted approaches and identifies a lack of prior planning and adequate assessment of the social and economic situation in Afghanistan as contributory factors to failures in successful delivery of DDR. It also considers the impact of some international actors' failure to engage fully with the process.

Topics: Combatants, DDR Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Afghanistan

Year: 2006

Citation:

Rosenberg-Friedman, Lilach. 2003. "Religious Women Fighters in Israel's War of Independence: A New Gender Perception, or a Passing Episode?" Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women's Studies & Gender Issues, no.6, 119-47.

Author: Lilach Rosenberg-Friedman

Topics: Armed Conflict, Combatants, Female Combatants, Gender, Women, Gender Roles, Gendered Power Relations, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Religion Regions: MENA, Asia, Middle East Countries: Israel

Year: 2003

Citation:

Sinha, Mrinalini. 2000. “Refashioning Mother India: Feminism and Nationalism in Late-Colonial India.” Feminist Studies 26 (3): 623-44. doi:10.2307/3178643.

Author: Mrinalini Sinha

Topics: Coloniality/Post-Coloniality, Feminisms, Gender, Women, Nationalism Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: India

Year: 2000

Citation:

Mayer, Tamar, ed. 2000. Gender Ironies of Nationalism: Sexing the Nation. New York: Routlege.

Author: Tamar Mayer

Abstract:

This book provides a unique social science reading on the construction of nation, gender and sexuality and on the interactions among them. It includes international case studies from Indonesia, Ireland, former Yugoslavia, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Australia, the USA, Turkey, China, India and the Caribbean. The contributors offer both the masculine and feminine perspective, exposing how nations are comprised of sexed bodies, and exploring the gender ironies of nationalism and how sexuality plays a key role in nation building and in sustaining national identity.

The contributors conclude that control over access to the benefits of belonging to the nation is invariably gendered; nationalism becomes the language through which sexual control and repression is justified masculine prowess is expressed and exercised. Whilst it is men who claim the prerogatives of nation and nation building it is, for the most part, women who actually accept the obligation of nation and nation building. (Amazon)

Topics: Gender, Masculinity/ies, Femininity/ies, Nationalism, Sexuality Regions: Africa, MENA, West Africa, Caribbean countries, North America, Asia, East Asia, Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe, Balkans, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Oceania Countries: Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, United States of America, Yugoslavia (former)

Year: 2000

Citation:

Hasso, Frances S. 1998. “The ‘Women’s Front’: Nationalism, Feminism, and Modernity in Palestine.” Gender & Society 12 (4): 441-65.

Author: Frances S. Hasso

Abstract:

Nationalisms are polymorphous and often internally contradictory, unleashing emancipatory as well as repressive ideas and forces. This article explores the ideologies and mobilization strategies of two organizations over a 10-year period in the occupied Palestinian territories: a leftist-nationalist party in which women became unusually powerful and its affiliated and remarkably successful nationalist-feminist women's organization. Two factors allowed women to become powerful and facilitated a fruitful coexistence between nationalism and feminism: (1) a commitment to a variant of modernist ideology that was marked by grassroots as opposed to military mobilization and (2) a concern with proving the cultural worth of Palestinian society to the West, a project that was symbolized by women's status in important ways. By comparing international and indigenous feminist discourses, the study also demonstrates how narratives about gender status in the Third World are implicated in, and inextricable from, international economic and political inequalities.

Topics: Feminisms, Gender, Women, Nationalism Regions: MENA, Asia, Middle East Countries: Palestine / Occupied Palestinian Territories

Year: 1998

Citation:

Burlet, Stacey. 1999. “Gender Relations,’Hindu’ Nationalism, and NGO Responses in India.” Gender & Development 7 (1): 40-7.

Author: Stacey Burlet

Abstract:

This article explores the strategies that non-government organizations (NGOs) are using to challenge the right-wing nationalism presently dominating Indian politics. Development workers must be sensitive to the importance of religion, but also avoid getting caught up in religious conflict. Gender issues, which straddle religious and political boundaries, can end up marginalized.

Topics: Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Nationalism, NGOs, Religion Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: India

Year: 1999

Citation:

Tambiah, Yasmin. 2005. “Turncoat Bodies: Sexuality and Sex Work under Militarization in Sri Lanka.” Gender and Society 19 (2): 243–61.

Author: Yasmin Tambiah

Abstract:

In Sri Lanka's armed conflict, gender, sexuality, and sex work are intermeshed with militarized nationalism. Militarization entrenches gender performances and heteronormative schemes while enabling women to transgress these-whether as combatants or as sex workers. Familiarly, in this nationalist encounter, women are expected to safeguard culture, notably through proper dress and sexual conduct. Sexual activity that challenges containment arouses anxiety because loyalty to military group or communal boundary can be compromised. Drawing on three examples-a dress code call by a Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam women's wing, consequences for a woman alleged to be a sex worker, and the public stripping of an alleged suicide bomber at a military checkpoint-this article explores how gendered behaviors and sexualities marked as culture are constructed and controlled in the interests of militarized, nationalist projects; how women can be both agents and objects of these controls; and the implications for women who refuse to comply.

Topics: Gender, Women, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militarism, Sexuality Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Sri Lanka

Year: 2005

Citation:

Visweswaran, Kamala. 2004. “Gendered States: Rethinking Culture as a Site of South Asian Human Rights Work.” Human Rights Quarterly 26 (2): 483–511.

Author: Kamala Visweswaran

Abstract:

This article explores recent critiques in feminist theory to examine how gender-based asylum cases and human rights reporting on South Asia rely upon the most static and patriarchal understandings of culture to establish a basis for intervention or advocacy. It argues that while cultural practices indeed reflect upon women's status, for gender-based asylum cases the emphasis may be more effectively placed upon a particular political system's denial of women's rights, or upon the interface between culture and the political system, rather than upon "culture" itself.

Topics: Feminisms, Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Patriarchy, Rights, Human Rights, Women's Rights Regions: Asia, South Asia

Year: 2004