The Role of Sexual Assault on the Risk of PTSD among Gulf War Veterans

Citation:

Kang, Han, Nancy Dalager, Clare Mahan, and Erick Ishii. 2005. "The Role of Sexual Assault on the Risk of PTSD among Gulf War Veterans." Annals of Epidemiology 15 (3): 191-95.

Authors: Han Kang, Nancy Dalager, Clare Mahan, Erick Ishii

Abstract:

Purpose: The 1991 Gulf War was the first major military deployment where female troops were integrated into almost every military unit, except for combat ground units. We evaluated the impact of reported sexual trauma during this deployment on the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the war.

Methods: A nested case–control analysis was conducted using the data collected in a population-based health survey of 30,000 Gulf War era veterans. A total of 1381 Gulf War veterans with current PTSD were compared with 10,060 Gulf veteran controls without PTSD for self-reported in-theater experiences of sexual harassment/assault and combat exposure.

Results: The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for PTSD associated with a report of sexual assault was 5.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.19–9.17) in female veterans and 6.21 (95% CI, 2.26–17.04) in male veterans. The aOR for PTSD associated with “high” combat exposure was also statistically significant (aOR, 4.03 [95% CI, 1.97–8.23] for females; aOR, 4.45 [95% CI, 3.54–5.60] for males).

Conclusion: Notwithstanding a possibility of recall bias of combat and sexual trauma, for both men and women, sexual trauma as well as combat exposure appear to be strong risk factors for PTSD.

Keywords: military sexual assault, posttraumatic stress disorder, male veterans, female veterans, mental health

Topics: Combatants, Female Combatants, Male Combatants, Gender, Women, Health, Mental Health, PTSD, Trauma, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Sexual Violence Regions: Americas, North America Countries: United States of America

Year: 2005