Timor-Leste

Citation:

Groves, Gabrielle Eva Carol, Bernadette P. Resurrección, and Philippe Doneys. 2009. “Keeping the Peace is not Enough: Human Security and Gender-based Violence during the Transitional Period of Timor-Leste.” Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 24 (2): 186-210.

Authors: Gabrielle Eva Carol Groves, Bernadette P. Resurrección, Philippe Doneys

Abstract:

Human security has been defined as people-centred and inextricably linked to development. This concept challenges the traditional security paradigm with its exclusive focus on the protection of the state and its sovereignty from conflict and immanent threats. By focusing on incidences of gender-based violence, this paper attempts to demonstrate the shortcomings of the UN peace-keeping mission and interim government in Timor-Leste in recognizing and redressing forms of violence and conflict other than those that threatened the new nation-state during the transitional period. Through the prism of gender-based violence, the paper argues that indigenous normatives and adjudication on gendered violence co-exist with the liberal principles of state-centric and are mutually reinforcing. As a result, this has generated new forms of insecurity, stoking the uneasy peace that continues to haunt the new nation-in-the-making.

Topics: Development, Gender, Gender-Based Violence, Indigenous, Peacekeeping, Security, Human Security Regions: Oceania Countries: Timor-Leste

Year: 2009

Citation:

Harris-Rimmer, Susan. 2010. Gender and Transitional Justice: The Women of East Timor. New York: Routledge.

Author: Susan Harris-Rimmer

Abstract:

Gender and Transitional Justice provides the first comprehensive feminist analysis of the role of international law in formal transitional justice mechanisms. Using East Timor as a case study, it offers reflections on transitional justice administered by a UN transitional administration. Often presented as a UN success story, the author demonstrates that, in spite of women and children’s rights programmes of the UN and other donors, justice for women has deteriorated in post-conflict Timor, and violence has remained a constant in their lives.

This book provides a gendered analysis of transitional justice as a discipline. It is also one of the first studies to offer a comprehensive case study of how women engaged in the whole range of transitional mechanisms in a post-conflict state, i.e. domestic trials, internationalised trials and truth commissions. The book reveals the political dynamics in a post-conflict setting around gender and questions of justice, and reframes of the meanings of success and failure of international interventions in the light of them. (Amazon)

Topics: Gender, Women, Justice, Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict, Rights, Human Rights, Women's Rights, Violence Regions: Oceania Countries: Timor-Leste

Year: 2010

Citation:

Hynes, Michelle, Jeanne Ward, Kathryn Robertson, and Chadd Crouse. 2004. “A Determination of the Prevalence of Gender-Based Violence Among Conflict-Affected Populations in East Timor.” Disasters 28 (3): 294–321.

Authors: Michelle Hynes, Jeanne Ward, Kathryn Robertson, Chadd Crouse

Topics: Armed Conflict, Domestic Violence, Gender, Gender-Based Violence, Households, Post-Conflict, Sexual Violence, Violence Regions: Oceania Countries: Timor-Leste

Year: 2004

Citation:

Nakaya, Sumie. 2010. “Women and Gender Issues in Peacebuilding: Lessons Learned from Timor-Leste.” In Women, Peace and Security: Translating Policy into Practice, edited by Funmi Olonisakin, Karen Barnes, and Eka Ikpe, 155-70. New York: Routledge.

Author: Sumie Nakaya

Topics: Gender, Women, Peacebuilding, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325 Regions: Oceania Countries: Timor-Leste

Year: 2010

Citation:

Whittington, Sherrill. 2003. “Gender and Peacekeeping: The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 28 (4): 1283–8. doi:10.1086/368320.

Author: Sherrill Whittington

Topics: Gender, Women, Gender Mainstreaming, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Governance, Post-Conflict Governance, Peacekeeping, Peace Processes, Post-Conflict, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Rights, Women's Rights, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325 Regions: Oceania Countries: Timor-Leste

Year: 2003

Citation:

Koyama, Shukuko, and Henri Myrttinen. 2007. “Unintended Consequences of Peace Operations on Timor Leste from a Gender Perspective.” In Unintended Consequences of Peacekeeping Operations, edited by Chiyuki Aoi, Cedric de Coning and Ramesh Thakur, 23-43. New York: United Nations University Press.

Authors: Shukuko Koyama, Henri Myrttinen

Topics: Gender, Women, Gender Analysis, International Organizations, Peacekeeping Regions: Oceania Countries: Timor-Leste

Year: 2007

Citation:

Abdullah, Saleh, and Henri Myrttinen. 2004. Gender, Violence, and Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) in East and West Timor. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: INSIST.

Authors: Saleh Abdullah, Henri Myrttinen

Abstract:

This paper will look at issues of gender, violence and small arms in East Timor, and, where applicable given the continued presence of East Timorese militia and refugees there, in West Timor. The paper will discuss: 1.The issue of SALW in East and West Timor as a whole during the conflict (1974-1999) as well as in the post-conflict situation; 2. Constructions of gender in East Timorese society during the years of conflict, looking at non-combatant civilians, pro-independence Falintil (For as Armadas de Liberta o Nacional de Timor Leste) guerrillas and the pro-Indonesian militia groups; 3. Gendered identities in the post-conflict situation, examining again non-combatant civilians, ex-combatant Falintil not included in the new security forces, the new national security forces (F-FDTL and PNTL) as well as the militia groups; and 4. Role of SALW in violence in East and West Timor, focusing on gendered/sexualised violence. Given the central role played by the United Nations and other international agencies in the post-conflict situation, the paper will also discuss the impacts that these actors had and include recommendations for future involvements by them.

Topics: Gender, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militias, Non-State Armed Groups, Violence, Weapons /Arms Regions: Oceania Countries: Timor-Leste

Year: 2004

Citation:

Charlesworth, Hilary, and Mary Wood. 2002. “Women and Human Rights in the Rebuilding of East Timor.” Nordic Journal of International Law 71: 325–48.

Authors: Hilary Charlesworth, Mary Wood

Abstract:

This article considers how the discourse of women's human rights has been employed in the lead up to independence in East Timor. It describes the way that the United Nations' temporary administration responded to the situation of women after the Indonesian occupation and assesses the adequacy of its attempts to 'mainstream' gender in the independence process.

Keywords: globalization, human rights, United Nations, gender mainstreaming

Topics: Armed Conflict, National Liberation Wars, Occupation, Gender, Women, Gender Mainstreaming, International Organizations, Post-Conflict, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Rights, Human Rights, Women's Rights Regions: Oceania Countries: Timor-Leste

Year: 2002

Citation:

Olsson, Louise. 2009. Gender Equality and United Nations Peace Operations in Timor Leste. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Author: Louise Olsson

Topics: Armed Conflict, Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, International Organizations, Peacekeeping, Post-Conflict, Post-Conflict Reconstruction Regions: Oceania Countries: Timor-Leste

Year: 2009

Citation:

Cristalis, Irena, and Catherine Scott. 2005. Independent Women: The Story of Women’s Activism in East Timor. London: Catholic Institute for International Relations.

Authors: Irena Cristalis , Catherine Scott

Topics: Armed Conflict, National Liberation Wars, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, International Organizations, NGOs Regions: Oceania Countries: Timor-Leste

Year: 2005