Guatemala

Mujeres Indígenas: Clamor por la Justicia; Violencia Sexual, Conflicto Armado y Despojo Violento de Tierras

Citation:

Méndez Gutiérrez, Luz, and Amanda Carrera Guerra. 2014. Mujeres Indígenas: Clamor por la Justicia; Violencia Sexual, Conflicto Armado y Despojo Violento de Tierras, Guatemala: Equipo de Estudios Comunitarios y Acción Psicosocial - ECAP.

Authors: Luz Méndez Gutiérrez, Amanda Carrera Guerra

Annotation:

Summary:
"En este libro se documentan y analizan dos graves capítulos de violencia sexual contra mujeres q’eqchi’s, así como sus luchas para alcanzar justicia. El primero tuvo lugar en el contexto del conflicto armado; y, el segundo, durante la etapa actual de profundización del modelo extractivista, en el marco de la globalización neoliberal. Las mujeres protagonistas de este estudio, en forma organizada y por medio de alianzas, llevan a cabo emblemáticos procesos por el acceso a la justicia, ya sea ante el sistema estatal o bien internacional." (Gutiérrez and Guerra 2014, 17)

Topics: Armed Conflict, Civil Wars, Civil Society, Economies, Economic Inequality, Poverty, Extractive Industries, Feminisms, Gender, Gender Analysis, Gender Roles, Gender-Based Violence, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Globalization, Health, Indigenous, Rights, Indigenous Rights, Land Rights, Property Rights, Women's Rights, Security, Sexual Violence, SV against Women Regions: Americas, Central America Countries: Guatemala

Year: 2014

Women, Non-Governmental Organizations, and Deforestation: a Cross-National Study

Citation:

Shandra, John M., Carrie L. Shandra, and Bruce London. 2008. “Women, Non-Governmental Organizations, and Deforestation: A Cross-National Study.” Population and Environment 30 (1-2): 48–72.

Authors: John M. Shandra, Carrie L. Shandra, Bruce London

Abstract:

There have been several cross-national studies published in the world polity theoretical tradition that find a strong correlation between nations with high levels of environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and low levels of various forms of environmental degradation. However, these studies neglect the role that women’s NGOs potentially play in this process. We seek to address this gap by conducting a cross-national study of the association between women’s NGOs and deforestation. We examine this relationship because deforestation often translates into increased household labor, loss of income, and impaired health for women and, as a result, women’s non-governmental organizations have become increasingly involved in dealing with these problems often by protecting forests. We use data from a sample of 61 nations for the period of 1990–2005. We find substantial support for world polity theory that both high levels of women’s and environmental NGOs per capita are associated with lower rates of deforestation. We also find that high levels of debt service and structural adjustment are correlated with higher rates of forest loss. We conclude with a discussion of findings, policy implications, and possible future research directions.

Keywords: deforestation, women, non-governmental organizations, cross-national

Topics: Economies, Environment, Extractive Industries, Gender, Women, NGOs Regions: Africa, MENA, Central Africa, East Africa, North Africa, Southern Africa, West Africa, Americas, Caribbean countries, Central America, North America, South America, Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe, Baltic states, Balkans, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Oceania Countries: Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad & Tobago, Uganda, Uruguay, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Year: 2008

Promises of Peace and Development: Mining and Violence in Guatemala

Citation:

Caxaj, C. Susana, Helene Berman, Jean-Paul Restoule, Colleen Varcoe, and Susan L. Ray. 2013. "Promises of Peace and Development: Mining and Violence in Guatemala." Advances in Nursing Science 36 (3): 213-28.

Authors: C. Susana Caxaj, Helene Berman, Jean-Paul Restoule, Colleen Varcoe, Susan L. Ray

Abstract:

For Indigenous peoples of Guatemala, mining is experienced within a lingering legacy of colonialism and genocide. Here, we discuss macro-level findings of a larger study, examining the lived context of a mining-affected community in Guatemala and barriers that this poses to peace. Using an anticolonial narrative methodology, guided by participatory action research principles, we interviewed 54 participants. Their accounts pointed to intersecting and ongoing forces of poverty, dispossession, gendered oppression, genocide, and global inequity were exacerbated and triggered by local mining operations. This context posed profound threats to community well-being and signals a call to action for nurses and other global actors.
 
 

Keywords: colonialism, conflict, dispossession, indigenous health, mining, peace, poverty

Topics: Coloniality/Post-Coloniality, Poverty, Extractive Industries, Gender, Genocide, Health, Indigenous, Rights, Indigenous Rights, Land Rights, Women's Rights, Violence Regions: Americas, Central America Countries: Guatemala

Year: 2013

Las mujeres y el acceso a la tierra comunal en América Latina

Citation:

Lastarria-Cornhiel, Susana. 2011. "Las mujeres y el acceso a la tierra comunal en América Latina." Revista Estudios Agrarios 18 (52): 19-38.

Author: Susana Lastarria-Cornhiel

Abstract:

El artículo se refiere a los derechos a la tierra por parte de las mujeres en los territorios comunales. Luego de hacer una reflexión regional sobre la estructura de la tenencia de tierra en América Latina, la autora realiza un análisis comparativo entre Bolivia y Guatemala. En ambos casos, analiza cómo han cambiado prácticas y normas legales y tradicionales, cómo dialogan entre sí, pero también cómo han impactado en los derechos de las mujeres en tierras comunales.

Topics: Gender, Gender Roles, Men, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Governance, Rights, Land Rights, Property Rights, Women's Rights Regions: Americas, Central America, South America Countries: Bolivia, Guatemala

Year: 2011

Mujeres Maya-Q'eqchi`en la ruta de la soberanía alimentaria: sosteniendo las economías campensinas ante el capitalismo agrario flexible en el Valle del Polochic, Guatemala

Citation:

Alonso Fradejas, Alberto, and Sara Mungorría Martínez. 2010. Mujeres Maya-Q'eqchi`en la ruta de la soberanía alimentaria: sosteniendo las economías campensinas ante el capitalismo agrario flexible en el Valle del Polochic, Guatemala. Mixco, Guatemala: Instituto de Estudios Agrarios y Rurales (IDEAR) Coordinación de ONG y Cooperativas (CONGCOOP).

 

Authors: Alberto Alonso Fradejas , Sara Mungorría Martínez

Annotation:

Summary:
"Desde el periodo colonial, América Latina (Indígena y Afro-descendiente) fue insertada en la economía mundial como proveedor de materias primas para sostener los patrones de producción y consumo de las metrópolis, primero, de los países “centrales” posteriormente y en la actualidad de éstos y de potencias emergentes del sur global (especialmente asiáticas). Un mecanismo de integración internacional subordinada, que contribuye a explicar el hecho de que la región haya venido siendo escenario de severos conflictos por la colisión entre diversos derechos, reivindicados y/o ejercidos, sobre el acceso, uso, tenencia y propiedad de la tierra y los bienes naturales. Conflictos cuyo abordaje se complejiza en el contexto de una economía global crecientemente deslocalizada e interdependiente al mismo tiempo. Entre las implicaciones de este modo de inserción internacional para los Estados subalternos destaca su creciente dificultad para proteger, respetar y facilitar la realización efectiva del Derecho Humano a la Alimentación «DHA» de sus ciudadanas y ciudadanos. Un derecho que tiene, como el conjunto de los Derechos Humanos, una dimensión internacional referida a la obligación de los Estados de no interferir en el disfrute del DHA de nacionales de terceros países, incluyendo la responsabilidad de los Estados en acuerdos sobre energía, agricultura, comercio, etc. Y es sobre esta dimensión internacional en tiempos de Globalización, que haremos hincapié en este trabajo. Ahora, si bien parece existir un consenso sobre el rol y obligaciones de los Estados sobre el «qué» supone el DHA, el acuerdo se dificulta al tratar el «cómo» asegurar surealización y defensa. Especialmente, por la complejidad para conciliar diversas rutas críticas en conflicto hacia el DHA. Una de estas rutas principales, planteada por La Vía Campesina y abanderada por movimientos sociales diversos e incluso algunos Estados, es la de la Soberanía Alimentaria. Una ruta hacia la realización y defensa del DHA que trabaja desde múltiples dimensiones, las cuales precisan ser identificadas, comprendidas y valoradas desde los marcos normativos-institucionales y de la acción colectiva en cada contexto socio-ecológico, si pretenden llevarse a buen fin. Precisamente, una de esas dimensiones clave, siempre nombrada pero a menudo relegada como «transversal», es la relativa a las relaciones de género, y más concretamente, a la situación y el papel de la mujer en las economías familiares campesinas y en las relaciones sociales de producción en el agro. De este modo, y através del análisis de diversos aspectos relacionados con la división sexual del trabajoen los sistemas productivos y reproductivos de hogares y comunidades indígenas y campesinas en un contexto territorial de alta conflictividad, se pretende contribuir al debate sobre la ruta y estrategias más pertinentes en cada contexto para garantizar el DHA sobre la base de la promoción de la equidad de género y del ejercicio de los derechos de las mujeres (rurales, campesinas e indígenas). Con este fin, comenzamos situando el contexto territorial del Valle del Polochic, incrustado en la etapa histórica del capitalismo mundial vigente. A continuación, tratamos de ubicar narrativa, normativa y teóricamente la ruta de la soberanía alimentaria en Guatemala, así como el debate metodológico y conceptual en el que se inserta este trabajo. A esto le sigue el cuerpo central de análisis y discusión de los resultados obtenidos para plantear, finalmente, una serie de reflexiones y consideraciones alrededor de las cuestiones trabajadas" (Alonso Fradejas & Mungorría Martínez 2010, 7).
 

Topics: Economies, Economic Inequality, Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Indigenous, Rights, Indigenous Rights, Land Rights, Women's Rights Regions: Americas, Central America Countries: Guatemala

Year: 2010

A Narrative Study of Refugee Women Who Have Experienced Violence in the Context of War

Citation:

Berman, Helene, Estrella Rosa Irías Girón, and Antonia Ponce Marroquin. 2006. “A Narrative Study of Refugee Women Who Have Experienced Violence in the Context of War.” Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 38 (4): 32-53.

Authors: Helene Berman, Estrella Rosa Irías Girón, Antonia Ponce Marroquin

Abstract:

Although women are rarely on the frontlines of battle, as in many other realms of contemporary life they bear a disproportionate burden of the consequences of war. Many have experienced torture firsthand or been witnesses to the torture or killing of family, friends, and loved ones. The use of rape and other forms of sexual torture has been well documented. For those who are forced to flee their homes and countries, separation from spouses, children, and other family members is common. Because of the sheer magnitude of global conflict, the number of refugees and displaced persons throughout the world has risen exponentially. It has been estimated that women constitute more than half of the world’s refugee population. The purpose of this narrative study was to examine the experiences of refugee women who experienced violence in the context of war. Data analysis revealed 8 themes: lives forever changed, new notions of normality, a pervasive sense of fear, selves obscured, living among and between cultures, a woman’s place in Canada, bearing heavy burdens – the centrality of children, and an uncaring system of care. Implications for research and practice, including limitations associated with individualized Western approaches, are discussed.

Keywords: refugees, women, war, violence, trauma, narrative, health

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Refugees, Gender, Women, Gender-Based Violence, Health, Mental Health, PTSD, Trauma, Sexual Violence, Rape, Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, SV against Women, Torture, Sexual Torture, Violence Regions: Americas, Central America, North America, South America, Europe, Balkans, Eastern Europe Countries: Bosnia & Herzegovina, Canada, Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala

Year: 2006

The Role of Emotions in the Construction of Masculinity: Guatemalan Migrant Men, Transnational Migration, and Family Relations

Citation:

Montes, Veronica. 2013. “The Role of Emotions in the Construction of Masculinity: Guatemalan Migrant Men, Transnational Migration, and Family Relations.” Gender & Society 27 (4): 469-90. doi:10.1177/0891243212470491.

Author: Veronica Montes

Abstract:

This article examines how migration contributes to the plurality of masculinities among Guatemalan men, particularly among migrant men and their families. I argue that migration offers an opportunity to men, both migrant and nonmigrant, to reflect on their emotional relations with distinct family members, and show how, by engaging in this reflexivity, these men also have the opportunity to vent those emotions in a way that offsets some of the negative traits associated to a hegemonic masculinity, such as being unemotional, nonnurturing, aggressive, and dispassionate. This study contributes to transnational migration studies in three ways: (1) by examining the more personal and emotional side of transnational life, (2) by examining ways in which men step away from culturally expected hegemonic masculine identity, and (3) by providing an empirical study of subaltern masculinities, particularly among transnational immigrant men. Drawing on multi-sited, in-depth interviews conducted in Guatemala and California, my research contributes to our understanding of the emotional costs of transnational migration for migrants and their families, particularly for men, by examining the interplay among gender, family, and transnational migration.

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Migration, Gender, Men, Masculinity/ies, Households Regions: Americas, Central America Countries: Guatemala

Year: 2013

Fear as a Way of Life: Mayan Widows in Rural Guatemala

Citation:

Green, Linda. 2013. Fear as a Way of Life: Mayan Widows in Rural Guatemala. New York: Columbia University Press.

Author: Linda Green

Abstract:

Between the late 1970s and the mid-1980s, the people of Guatemala were subjected to a state-sponsored campaign of political violence and repression designed to not only defeat a left-wing, revolutionary insurgency but also destroy Mayan communities and culture. The Mayan Indians in the western highlands were labeled by the government as revolutionary sympathizers, and many Mayan women lost husbands, sons, and other family members who were brutally murdered or who simply "disappeared." Based on years of field research conducted in the rural highlands, Fear as a Way of Life traces the intricate links between the recent political violence and repression and the long-term systemic violence connected with class inequalities and gender and ethnic oppression - the violence of everyday life. (Amazon)

Topics: Armed Conflict, Class, Ethnicity, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Violence Regions: Americas, Central America Countries: Guatemala

Year: 2013

Widows, Mothers, Activists: Indigenous Achí Women’s Experiences of La Violencia in Rabinal, Guatemala

Citation:

Dorion, Fabienne. 2010. “Widows, Mothers, Activists: Indigenous Achí Women’s Experiences of La Violencia in Rabinal, Guatemala.” Journal of the Motherhood Initiative for Research and Community Involvement 1 (1): 77-90.

Author: Fabienne Dorion

Abstract:

This paper explores Indigenous Achí women’s experiences of militarisation and armed conflict in Rabinal, Guatemala during the period known as La Violencia (1978-1985) and its aftermath. The aim of this paper is to challenge accounts of armed conflict that portray women as essentially passive victims of violence by examining widows’ resiliency in ensuring their own and their family’s survival after the loss of their husband and their agency in organising around issues of truth, justice and reconciliation in the aftermath of the conflict. The discussion is especially focused on the influence that women’s role as mothers has had in shaping their experiences of the aftermath of armed conflict, as recounted in participant-led interviews with survivors of La Violencia. Interviews were conducted in rural Rabinal communities between December 2005 and May 2006 in the context of Master’s thesis research and fieldwork with the Association for the Integral Development of the Victims of the Violence in the Verapaces, Maya Achí (adivima).

Topics: Armed Conflict, Gender, Gender Roles, Women, Indigenous, Justice, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militarization, Post-Conflict, Violence Regions: Americas, Central America Countries: Guatemala

Year: 2010

Gold Mining on Mayan-Mam Territory: Social Unravelling, Discord and Distress in the Western Highlands of Guatemala

Citation:

Caxaj, C. Susana, Helene Berman, Colleen Varcoe, Susan L. Ray, and Jean-Paul Restoulec. 2014. “Gold Mining on Mayan-Mam Territory: Social Unravelling, Discord and Distress in the Western Highlands of Guatemala.” Social Science & Medicine 111 (June): 50–7. 

Authors: Susana C. Caxaj, Helene Berman, Colleen Varcoe, Susan L. Ray, Jean-Paul Restoulec

Abstract:

This article examines the influence of a large-scale mining operation on the health of the community of San Miguel Ixtahuacán, Guatemala. An anti colonial narrative approach informed by participatory action research principles was employed. Data collection included focus groups and one-on-one interviews from August to November of 2011. Over this period, we interviewed 15 Mam Mayan men and 41 women (n. 56) between the ages of 18 and 64 including health care workers, educators, spiritual leaders, agricultural workers and previous mine employees from 13 villages within the municipality. Participants’ accounts pointed to community health experiences of social unraveling characterized by overlapping narratives of a climate of fear and discord and embodied expressions of distress. These findings reveal the interconnected mechanisms by which local mining operations influenced the health of the community, specifically, by introducing new threats to the safety and mental wellbeing of local residents.

Keywords: Guatemala, mental health, violence, community health, mining, suffering, insecurity, Psychological distress

Topics: Coloniality/Post-Coloniality, Economies, Extractive Industries, Health, Mental Health Regions: Americas, Central America Countries: Guatemala

Year: 2014

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