Terrorism

Citation:

Mazurana, Dyan. 2012. “Women, Girls, and Non-State Armed Opposition Groups." In Women and Wars, edited by Carol Cohn, 146-68. Malden, MA: Polity Press.  

Author: Dyan Mazurana

Topics: Armed Conflict, National Liberation Wars, Combatants, Female Combatants, Gender, Femininity/ies, Gender Roles, Girls, Masculinity/ies, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Hierarchies, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Non-State Armed Groups, Terrorism

Year: 2012

Citation:

Hunt, Krista, and Kim Rygiel, eds. 2006. (En)gendering the War on Terror: War Stories and Camouflaged Politics. London: Ashgate Publishing Company

Authors: Krista Hunt, Kim Rygiel

Abstract:

The war on terror has been raging for many years now, and subsequently there is a growing body of literature examining the development, motivation and effects of this US-led aggression. Virtually absent from these accounts is an examination of the central role that gender, race, class and sexuality play in the war on terror. This lack of attention reflects a continued resistance by analysts to acknowledge and engage identity-related social issues as central elements within global politics. As this conflict spreads and deepens, it is more important than ever to examine how diverse international actors are using the war on terror as an opportunity to reinforce existing gendered, raced, classed and sexualized inter/national relations. This book examines the official war stories being told to the international community about why and against whom the war on terror is being waged.

Keywords: war on terror, gender discourse, gender analysis, peace and security

Annotation:

Foreword by Cynthia Enloe
Series Editors' Preface by Pauline Gardiner Barber, Jane Parapart and Marianne Marchand

1. (En)gendered War Stories and Camouflaged Politics
Krista Hunt and Kim Rygiel

Part I A War For/On Women's Rights: Post-9/11 Rescue Narratives

2. Between Orientalism and Fundamentalism: Muslim Women and Feminist Engagement
Jasmin Zine

3. 'Embedded Feminism' and the War on Terror
Krista Hunt

4. Benevolent Invaders, Heroic Victims and Depraved Villains: White Femininity in Media Coverage of the Invasion of Iraq
Melisa Brittain

5. Rescue in the Age of Empire: Children, Masculinity, and the War on Terror
Catherine V. Scott.

Part II A War on/of Terror: The Politics Of Control

6. White nationalism, Illegality and Imperialism: Border Controls as Ideology
Nandita Sharma

7. Protecting and Proving Identity: the Biopolitics of Waging War through Citizenship in the Post-9/11 era
Kim Rygiel

8.The Headscarf Debate: Muslim Women in Europe and the 'War on Terror'
Jane Freedman

9. Is 'W' for Women?
Zillah Eisenstein
 

Topics: Gender, Gender Analysis, Gendered Discourses, Terrorism Regions: Americas, North America Countries: United States of America

Year: 2006

Citation:

Hunt, Krista. 2002. ‘The Strategic Co-optation of Women’s Rights.’ International Feminist Journal of Politics 4 (1): 116–21.

Author: Krista Hunt

Topics: Gender, Women, International Organizations, Religion, Terrorism Regions: Americas, North America, Asia, South Asia Countries: Afghanistan, United States of America

Year: 2002

Citation:

Hirschkind, Charles, and Saba Mahmood. 2002. "Feminism, the Taliban, and Politics of Counter-Insurgency." Anthropological Quarterly 75 (2): 339–54.

Authors: Charles Hirschkind, Saba Mahmood

Topics: Armed Conflict, Feminisms, Gender, Women, Religion, Terrorism, Violence Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Afghanistan

Year: 2002

Citation:

Nesiah, Vasuki. 2013. "Feminism as Counter-Terrorism: The Seduction of Power." In Gender, National Security and Counter-Terrorism: Human Rights Perspectives, edited by Margaret L. Satterthwaite and Jayne C. Huckerby. London: Routledge. 

Author: Vasuki Nesiah

Topics: Armed Conflict, Feminisms, Gender, Women, Governance, International Law, International Human Rights, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militarization, Rights, Human Rights, Security, UN Security Council Resolutions on WPS, UNSCR 1325, Sexual Violence, Terrorism, Violence

Year: 2013

Citation:

Jabbra, Nancy W. 2006. "Women, Words and War: Explaining 9/11 and Justifying US Military Action in Afghanistan and Iraq." Journal of International Women’s Studies 8:1, 236-55.

Author: Nancy W. Jabbra

Abstract:

Texts and images in the print media, outdoor advertisements, and on the Internet form the primary source material for this article. The Bush administration and the American media, drawing upon well-worn traditions of representation, contrasted American women and Muslim/Middle Eastern women, American and Middle Eastern male sexuality, and the moral qualities (good versus evil) of American and Middle Eastern people. They used those contrasts to explain 9/11 and legitimize war in Afghanistan and Iraq. 9/11 was simply explained through a contrast between American innocence and Muslim savagery. For Afghanistan, the predominant trope was liberating Afghan women from the Taliban, or white men rescuing brown women from brown men, a story at least as old as the British Raj. The Iraq representations were more complex; both pro-war and anti-war proponents used the same images of suffering Iraqi women and girls, but to different ends: Saddam Hussein was a demon who must be destroyed, or the suffering was caused by sanctions and Western military action. Saddam himself was conflated with Iraq, and images of deviant sexuality were employed. Throughout, American women and girls were portrayed as the right kind of woman: usually white and innocent, or heroic soldiers. In any case, they were free, not oppressed. 

Topics: Armed Conflict, Combatants, Female Combatants, Male Combatants, Gender, Women, Men, Masculinity/ies, Gender Roles, Gender Analysis, Media, Terrorism, Sexuality Regions: MENA, Americas, North America, Asia, Middle East, South Asia Countries: Afghanistan, Iraq, United States of America

Year: 2006

Citation:

Mann, Bonnie. 2012. “Gender Apparatus: Torture and National Manhood in the U.S. War on Terror.” Radical Philosophy: A Journal of Socialist and Feminist Philosophy 168 (2). 

Author: Bonnie Mann

Topics: Armed Conflict, Gender, Masculinity/ies, Gendered Power Relations, Masculinism, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Nationalism, Terrorism, Torture Regions: Americas, North America Countries: United States of America

Year: 2012

Citation:

Mann, Bonnie. 2006. “How America Justifies Its War: A Modern/Postmodern Aesthetics of Masculinity and Sovereignty.” Hypatia 21 (4): 147-163. 

Author: Bonnie Mann

Abstract:

The lies about the reasons for the U.S. war against Iraq provoked no mass public outcry in the United States against the war. What is the process of justification for this war, a process that seems to need no reasons? Mann argues that the process of justification is not a process of rational deliberation but one of aesthetic self-constitution, of rebuilding a masculine national identity. Included is a feminist reading of the National Defense University document Shock and Awe.

Topics: Armed Conflict, "New Wars", Feminisms, Gender, Masculinity/ies, Gendered Discourses, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Terrorism Regions: Americas, North America Countries: United States of America

Year: 2006

Citation:

Coe, Kevin, David Domke, Meredith Bagley, Sheryl Cunningham, and Nancy Van Leuven. 2007. "Masculinity as Political Strategy: George W. Bush, the 'War on Terrorism,' and an Echoing Press. Journal of Women, Politics and Policy 29 (1): 31-55. 

Authors: Kevin Coe, David Domke, Meredith Bagley, Sheryl Cunningham , Nancy Van Leuven

Abstract:

Scholars have demonstrated the centrality of masculinity as an ideology in the American presidency, but have devoted insufficient attention to the manner in which political leaders can emphasize masculine themes to gain strategic advantage, and how media organizations can be encouraged to adopt such themes in news coverage. With this in mind, in this research we analyze President George W. Bush's public communications prior to and immediately following the attacks of September 11, 2001, and NBC network television news coverage and New York Times and Washington Post editorials during the latter dates to elucidate the nature of masculinity as a political strategy. Findings indicate that in the aftermath of September 11 Bush enacted a highly masculine ideology through his treatment of the press and emphasis upon two masculine themes–strength and dominance–and that this approach facilitated wide circulation of his masculine discourse in the press.

Topics: Armed Conflict, National Liberation Wars, "New Wars", Gender, Masculinity/ies, Gendered Discourses, Media, Governance, Terrorism Regions: Americas, North America Countries: United States of America

Year: 2007

Citation:

Malvern, Sue, and Gabriel Koureas. 2014. "Terrorist Transgressions: Exploring the Gendered Representations of the Terrorist." Historical Social Research 39 (3): 67-81.

Authors: Sue Malvern, Gabriel Koureas

Topics: Feminisms, Gender, Women, Masculinity/ies, Gender Analysis, Terrorism, Violence

Year: 2014