Non-State Armed Groups

Citation:

Villacampa Estiarte, Carolina, and Katherine Flórez Pinilla. 2016. “Guerrilleras víctimas de trata de seres humanos en prisión en Colombia.” Revista de Victimología / Journal of Victimology 0 (3): 87–119.

Authors: Carolina Villacampa Estiarte, Katherine Flórez Pinilla

Abstract:

Este artículo expone los principales resultados de una investigación cualitativa efectuada con 20 mujeres presas en Colombia que fueron guerrilleras ahora desmovilizadas al haberse acogido a los benefi cios de la Ley de Justicia y Paz de 2005. El estudio muestra que las historias vitales narradas por 16 de estas mujeres permite identifi carlas como víctimas de trata para explotación criminal sin que hayan sido detectadas como tales. Se evidencia cómo en el 80% de los casos analizados estas mujeres sufrieron episodios de victimización que las llevaron a ingresar y mantenerse en el grupo armado, en muchas ocasiones contra su voluntad, empleando medios tanto para captarlas cuanto para mantener su actividad en el mismo que muestran que sufrieron un proceso de trata.

Keywords: Trata de personas, explotación criminal, victimización de mujeres, justicia y paz, conflicto armado en Colombia

Topics: Armed Conflict, Combatants, Female Combatants, Non-State Armed Groups, Rights, Human Rights Regions: Americas, South America Countries: Colombia

Year: 2016

Citation:

Henshaw, Alexis Leanna. 2016. “Where Women Rebel: Patterns of Women’s Participation in Armed Rebel Groups 1990-2008.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 18 (1): 39–60. doi:10.1080/14616742.2015.1007729.

Author: Alexis Leanna Henshaw

Abstract:

While a significant literature on women's participation in armed rebel groups exists, much of this work is focused on individual cases or regional comparisons among movements. This has led to a lack of cross-national work on women in insurgencies, and a limited understanding of the extent to which women are engaged in civil conflict internationally. This article introduces new data on women's involvement in seventy-two insurgencies active since 1990, and assesses the validity of several assumptions about women and rebellion drawn from existing literature on women in conflict and on civil wars generally. I show that women are active in rebel groups much more often than current scholarship acknowledges. This involvement includes frequent service in combat and leadership roles, where male participants are often presumed to be the default. Finally, while forced recruitment tactics are frequently used to bring women into service, much of their participation appears to be voluntary in nature.

Keywords: Gender, civil conflict, terrorism, insurgency

Topics: Armed Conflict, Civil Wars, Combatants, Female Combatants, Gender, Women, Livelihoods, Militarized Livelihoods, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militaries, Militias, Paramilitaries, Non-State Armed Groups, Terrorism

Year: 2016

Citation:

Hedström, Jenny. 2016. “We Did Not Realize about the Gender Issues. So, We Thought It Was a Good Idea: Gender Roles in Burmese Oppositional Struggles.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 18 (1): 61–79. doi:10.1080/14616742.2015.1005516.

Author: Jenny Hedström

Abstract:

This article explores the link between nationalism, as expressed by the Burman state and ethnic and student opposition movements, and the emergence of a multiethnic women's movement engaged in resistance activities. In focusing on women's involvement in oppositional nation-making projects, this article aims to broaden our understanding of gender and conflict by highlighting women's agency in war. Drawing on interviews carried out with founding members of the women's movement, non-state armed groups and others active in civil society, the article investigates how a gendered political consciousness arose out of dissatisfaction with women's secondary position in armed opposition groups, leading to women forming a movement, not in opposition to conflict per se but in opposition to the rejection of their militarism, in the process redefining notions of political involvement and agency. By invoking solidarity based on a gendered positioning, rather than on an ethnic identity, the women's movement resisted the dominant nation-making projects, and created a nationalism inclusive of multiethnic differences. Burmese women's multiple wartime roles thus serve to upset supposed dichotomies between militancy and peace and victim and combatant, in the process redefining the relationship between gender, nationalism and militancy.

Keywords: nationalism, Myanmar, Gender, ethnicity, conflict

Topics: Armed Conflict, Ethnic/Communal Wars, Civil Society, Ethnicity, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Hierarchies, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militarism, Non-State Armed Groups, Nationalism, Political Participation Regions: Asia, Southeast Asia Countries: Myanmar

Year: 2016

Citation:

Baaz, Maria Eriksson, and Maria Stern. 2013. Sexual Violence as a Weapon of War? Perceptions, Prescriptions, Problems in the Congo and Beyond. London: Zed Books. 

Authors: Maria Eriksson Baaz, Maria Stern

Annotation:

Topics: Armed Conflict, Combatants, Gender, Women, Men, Gender-Based Violence, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militaries, Non-State Armed Groups, Rape, SV against Women, Violence Regions: Africa, Central Africa Countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo

Year: 2013

Citation:

Gentry, Caron E., and Laura Sjoberg, eds. 2011. Women, Gender, and Terrorism. Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Authors: Caron E. Gentry, Laura Sjoberg

Abstract:

"In the last decade the world has witnessed a rise in women’s participation in terrorism. Women, Gender, and Terrorism explores women’s relationship with terrorism, with a keen eye on the political, gender, racial, and cultural dynamics of the contemporary world. Throughout most of the twentieth century, it was rare to hear about women terrorists. In the new millennium, however, women have increas­ingly taken active roles in carrying out suicide bombings, hijacking air­planes, and taking hostages in such places as Palestine, Iraq, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Lebanon, and Chechnya. These women terrorists have been the subject of a substantial amount of media and scholarly attention, but the analysis of women, gender, and terrorism has been sparse and riddled with stereotypical thinking about women’s capabilities and motivations. In the first section of this volume, contributors offer an overview of women’s participation in and relationships with contemporary terrorism, and a historical chapter traces their involvement in the politics and conflicts of Islamic societies. The next section includes empirical and theoretical analysis of terrorist movements in Chechnya, Kashmir, Palestine, and Sri Lanka. The third section turns to women’s involvement in al Qaeda and includes critical interrogations of the gendered media and the scholarly presentations of those women. The conclusion offers ways to further explore the subject of gender and terrorism based on the contributions made to the volume. Contributors to Women, Gender, and Terrorism expand our understanding of terrorism, one of the most troubling and complicated facets of the modern world." (University of Georgia Press)

Annotation:

Topics: Armed Conflict, Combatants, Female Combatants, Gender, Women, Media, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Non-State Armed Groups, Political Participation, Terrorism, Violence Regions: Africa, MENA, Asia, Middle East, South Asia Countries: Afghanistan, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine / Occupied Palestinian Territories, Sri Lanka

Year: 2011

Citation:

Author: James A. Mitchell

Abstract:

The most appropriate stamp might be "The Children's War," for both victim and combatant, because the civil war in Sri Lanka isn't being waged exclusively by adults, nor is it just a boys' club. The Tamil Tigers have two significantly negative reputations: masters of the suicide bomb attack and recruiters of child soldiers. In spite of a growing body of testimony-too many girls have described the training sessions, so their existence can't be denied-the LTTE still denies that their child-recruitment strategy includes weapons training and the solicitation of suicide bombers.

Topics: Armed Conflict, Civil Wars, Ethnic/Communal Wars, Combatants, Child Soldiers, Female Combatants, Gender, Girls, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Non-State Armed Groups, Peace Processes Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Sri Lanka

Year: 2006

Citation:

Mazurana, Dyan. 2012. “Women, Girls, and Non-State Armed Opposition Groups." In Women and Wars, edited by Carol Cohn, 146-68. Malden, MA: Polity Press.  

Author: Dyan Mazurana

Topics: Armed Conflict, National Liberation Wars, Combatants, Female Combatants, Gender, Femininity/ies, Gender Roles, Girls, Masculinity/ies, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Hierarchies, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Non-State Armed Groups, Terrorism

Year: 2012

Citation:

Moreno Martín, Florentino, Jaime Alberto Carmona Parra, and Felipe Tobón Hoyos. 2010. “¿Por Qué Se Vinculan Las Niñas a Los Grupos Guerrilleros Y Paramilitares En Colombia?” Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología 42 (3): 453–67.

Authors: Florentino Moreno Martín, Jaime Alberto Carmona Parra, Felipe Tobón Hoyos

Abstract:

SPANISH ABSTRACT:

Keywords: infancia, guerrilla, guerra, paramilitarismo, motivación, children, war, guerrilla war, paramilitary, motivation

Topics: Armed Conflict, Civil Wars, Civil Society, Combatants, Child Soldiers, Gender, Girls, Boys, Gender Roles, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Hierarchies, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Non-State Armed Groups, Political Participation, Violence Regions: Americas, Central America, South America Countries: Colombia

Year: 2010

Citation:

Londoño Fernández, Luz María and Yoana Fernanda Nieto Valdivieso. 2006. Mujeres no contadas: Proceso de desmovilización y retorno a la vida civil de mujeres excombatientes en Colombia 1990-2003. Medellín: La Carreta Editores. 

Authors: Luz María Londoño Fernández, Yoana Fernanda Nieto Valdivieso

Topics: Armed Conflict, Civil Wars, Civil Society, Combatants, Female Combatants, DDR, Gender, Women, Men, Girls, Masculinity/ies, Gender Roles, Gender Analysis, Femininity/ies, Gendered Discourses, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Hierarchies, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Non-State Armed Groups, Political Participation, Violence Regions: Americas, Central America, South America Countries: Colombia

Year: 2006