Male Combatants

Afghan Women: Recovering, Rebuilding

Citation:

Wali, Sima. 2002. “Afghan Women: Recovering, Rebuilding.” Ethics & International Affairs 16 (02): 15–19. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7093.2002.tb00391.x.

 

Author: Sima Wali

Abstract:

The United States' foreign policy in Afghanistan has a long history of misguided plans and misplaced trust—a fact that has contributed to the destruction of the social and physical infrastructure of Afghan society. Afghans contend that after having fought as U.S. allies against the Soviet Union—with the price of more than two million dead—the United States swiftly walked away at the end of that bloody, twenty-three-year conflict. The toll of the war on Afghan society reflected in current statistics is so staggering as to be practically unimaginable: 12 million women living in abject poverty, 1 million people handicapped from land mine explosions, an average life expectancy of forty years (lower for women), a mortality rate of 25.7 percent for children under five years old, and an illiteracy rate of 64 percent. These horrific indicators place Afghanistan among the most destitute countries in the world in terms of human development.

Topics: Armed Conflict, Combatants, Male Combatants, Development, Economies, Poverty, Education, Gender, Gender Analysis, Gender-Based Violence, Post-Conflict, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Rights, Human Rights, Women's Rights, Security, Human Security, Violence Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Afghanistan

Year: 2002

Violence, Terror, and Accountability in Afghanistan

Citation:

Wali, Sima. 2004. “Violence, Terror, and Accountability in Afghanistan.” Peace Review 16 (1): 75–78. doi:10.1080/1040265042000210193.

 

Author: Sima Wali

Topics: Combatants, Male Combatants, Gender, Women, Men, Gender-Based Violence, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militarism, Rights, Human Rights, Women's Rights, Security Regions: Asia, Central Asia Countries: Afghanistan

Year: 2004

Adversarial Discourses, Analogous Objectives Afghan: Women’s Control

Citation:

Khattak, Saba Gul. 2004. “Adversarial Discourses, Analogous Objectives Afghan Women’s Control.” Cultural Dynamics 16 (2-3): 213–36. doi:10.1177/0921374004047749.

 

Author: Saba Gul Khattak

Abstract:

Afghan women have been the symbolic target of competing discourses and political strategies. The US-led bombing of Afghanistan used the rhetoric of women’s emancipation as a major reason for the attack without pursuing real ‘liberation’. The misogynist Taliban discourse, as it was promulgated in the Pakistan-based refugee camps and heavily funded by the western world, marked a severe deterioration in Afghan women’s rights. After the US-led military intervention of 2001, the Karzai government’s unfounded claims vis-‡-vis women’s betterment have not been realized. Afghan women, a clear majority of the Afghan population, are not at the centre of the government’s concerns or those of the international community. Engaging these problematics, this article claims that conventional politics, informed by statist and masculinist ideologies and practices, are incapable of ensuring Afghan women’s emancipation.

Keywords: Afghanistan, military, masculinity, violence, United States, women

Topics: Armed Conflict, "New Wars", Combatants, Male Combatants, Democracy / Democratization, Gender, Women, Gender Roles, Gender Analysis, Gendered Discourses Regions: Asia, Central Asia Countries: Afghanistan, United States of America

Year: 2004

Women, Words and War: Explaining 9/11 and Justifying US Military Action in Afghanistan and Iraq

Citation:

Jabbra, Nancy W. 2006. "Women, Words and War: Explaining 9/11 and Justifying US Military Action in Afghanistan and Iraq." Journal of International Women’s Studies 8:1, 236-55.

Author: Nancy W. Jabbra

Abstract:

Texts and images in the print media, outdoor advertisements, and on the Internet form the primary source material for this article. The Bush administration and the American media, drawing upon well-worn traditions of representation, contrasted American women and Muslim/Middle Eastern women, American and Middle Eastern male sexuality, and the moral qualities (good versus evil) of American and Middle Eastern people. They used those contrasts to explain 9/11 and legitimize war in Afghanistan and Iraq. 9/11 was simply explained through a contrast between American innocence and Muslim savagery. For Afghanistan, the predominant trope was liberating Afghan women from the Taliban, or white men rescuing brown women from brown men, a story at least as old as the British Raj. The Iraq representations were more complex; both pro-war and anti-war proponents used the same images of suffering Iraqi women and girls, but to different ends: Saddam Hussein was a demon who must be destroyed, or the suffering was caused by sanctions and Western military action. Saddam himself was conflated with Iraq, and images of deviant sexuality were employed. Throughout, American women and girls were portrayed as the right kind of woman: usually white and innocent, or heroic soldiers. In any case, they were free, not oppressed. 

Topics: Armed Conflict, Combatants, Female Combatants, Male Combatants, Gender, Women, Men, Masculinity/ies, Gender Roles, Gender Analysis, Media, Terrorism, Sexuality Regions: MENA, Americas, North America, Asia, Middle East, South Asia Countries: Afghanistan, Iraq, United States of America

Year: 2006

Mujeres e Insurrección en Colombia: Reconfiguración de la Identidad Femenina en la Guerrilla

Citation:

Ibarra Melo, María Eugenia. 2009. “Mujeres e Insurrección en Colombia: Reconfiguración de la Identidad Femenina en la Guerrilla.” Santiago de Cali, Colombia: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.

Author: María Eugenia Ibarra Melo

Annotation:

Contenido:

Capítulo I: Identidad de género y participación política en conflictos armados

1. El concepto de identidad

2. La guerra y la violencia desde su perspectiva de género

3. Las mujeres en el ciclo de paz y guerra: un análisis desde la perspectiva de género

4. La lucha armada como opción política

Capítulo II: La experiencia de las mujeres en las guerrillas colombianas

1. El contexto sociopolítico de la incorporación

2. La participación de las mujeres en los “proyectos revolucionarios”

3. Cuando ellas deciden la opción armada: tipología de la vinculación de mujeres a las guerrillas

Capítulo III: Las vicisitudes de la militancia femenina en la guerrilla

1. La entrada en escena de las mujeres en el movimiento insurgente

2. La exclusión de las mujeres en los niveles superiores de la estructura jerárquica

3. El proceso de identificación personal y colectiva en la guerra

4. El balance de la militancia

Topics: Armed Conflict, Civil Wars, Civil Society, Combatants, Female Combatants, Male Combatants, Gender, Women, Men, Girls, Boys, Masculinity/ies, Gender Roles, Gender Analysis, Femininity/ies, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Hierarchies, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Non-State Armed Groups, Peacebuilding, Peace Processes, Political Participation, Violence Regions: Americas, Central America, South America Countries: Colombia

Year: 2009

Acción Colectiva, Violencia Política y Género: el Análisis de las Organizaciones Insurgentes Político-militares en Colombia: el Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) Actor de Referencia

Citation:

Rodríguez Pizarro, Alba Nubia. 2009. “Acción Colectiva, Violencia Política y Género: el Análisis de las Organizaciones Insurgentes Político-militares en Colombia: el Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) Actor de Referencia.” PhD Thesis, Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

Author: Alba Nubia Rodríguez Pizarro

Abstract:

El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento de los actores del conflicto armado (organizaciones político-militares) y a la discusión sobre la confrontación armada en Colombia, a partir del análisis de la construcción social y cultural de un actor colectivo insurgente que emplea la violencia como medio de acción y que ha estado inmerso en el conflicto armado de larga duración que se vive en el país desde hace aproximadamente cinco décadas. La construcción social y cultural de los actores y sus acciones implica individuos en relación (hombres y mujeres), por tanto la perspectiva de género se convirtió en un enfoque transversal a la indagación y al análisis de los procesos que subyacen a la construcción social y cultural del actor de referencia. (E-prints Universidad Complutense de Madrid)

Topics: Armed Conflict, Civil Wars, Civil Society, Combatants, Female Combatants, Male Combatants, Displacement & Migration, Gender, Women, Men, Girls, Boys, Masculinity/ies, Gender Roles, Femininity/ies, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Hierarchies, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Non-State Armed Groups, Political Participation, Violence Regions: Americas, Central America, South America Countries: Colombia

Year: 2009

Political Instability, Gender Discrimination, and Population Growth in Development Countries

Citation:

Lehmijoki, Ulla and Tapio Palokangas. 2006. “Political Instability, Gender Discrimination, and Population Growth in Development Countries.” Journal of Population Economics 19 (2): 431-46.

Authors: Ulla Lehmijoki, Tapio Palokangas

Abstract:

This paper introduces gender discrimination and population growth into a model of political economy. The government keeps up the military for the sake of political instability in the country. It is shown that if the risk of internal conflicts is high, then the government needs a bigger military and a larger supply of young men for it. The government is then willing to boost population growth by keeping women outside the production (e.g. neglecting their education or restricting their movement). Some empirical evidence on the interdependence of political instability, population growth, and gender discrimination is provided. 

Keywords: population growth, discrimination, political instability

Topics: Armed Conflict, Civil Wars, Combatants, Male Combatants, Economies, Economic Inequality, Poverty, Gender, Women, Men, Girls, Boys, Gender Roles, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Hierarchies, Households, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Political Economies, Religion, Rights, Human Rights, Women's Rights Regions: Africa, MENA, North Africa, Asia, Middle East

Year: 2006

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