Gender

Hombres en situación de desplazamiento: transformaciones de la masculinidad

Citation:

Tovar Guerra, Claudia, and Carol Pavajeau Delgado. 2010. “Hombres en situación de desplazamiento: transformaciones de la masculinidad." Revista de Estudios Sociales 36: 95-102.

Authors: Claudia Tovar Guerra, Carol Pavajeau Delgado

Abstract:

Spanish Abstract:
El artículo muestra la falta de reflexión académica y política acerca de la situación de los hombres en condición de desplazamiento forzado en Colombia y analiza cómo esta problemática incide en la reconfiguración de las masculinidades, al tiempo que produce tensiones, reacciones y transformaciones en su subjetividad de género. Alude a las implicaciones sociales de dicha situación, invitando a pensar el tema desde una perspectiva psicosocial para el diseño de estrategias de acompañamiento útiles para avanzar hacia la equidad de género en este campo.
 
English Citation:
Tovar Guerra, Claudia, and Carol Pavajeau Delgado. 2010. ”Men in Situations of Displacement: Transformations of Masculinity." Revista de Estudios Sociales 36: 95–102. (Translation by Revista)
 
English Abstract:
This article demonstrates the lack of academic and political attention regarding the situation of forcibly displaced men in Colombia. It analyzes the way the problem of displacement reconfigures masculinities at the same time that it generates tensions, reactions, and transformations in the way that men think about their own gender. It alludes to the social implications of this situation, encouraging us to think about the topic from a psychosocial perspective in order to design useful accompaniment strategies to move towards gender equity in this area. (Translation by Revista)

Keywords: masculinities, forced displacement, Subjectivity, Gender

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Forced Migration, Gender, Men, Masculinity/ies, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equity Regions: Americas, South America Countries: Colombia

Year: 2010

Before the War, I Was a Man’: Men and Masculinities in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Citation:

Lwambo, Desiree. 2013. “‘Before the War, I Was a Man’: Men and Masculinities in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.” Gender & Development 21 (1): 47-66. doi:10.1080/13552074.2013.769771.

Author: Desiree Lwambo

Abstract:

Humanitarian interventions that confuse 'gender issues' with 'women's issues' ignore the complex nature of gender and its potential as a tool for social change. This article reflects on this issue, in the context of an analysis of the relationship between sexual and gender-based violence and hegemonic masculinities in the conflict zone of North Kivu province in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. It draws on a research study focusing on the discrepancies between dominant ideals of masculinity and the actual realities of men's lives. As men try to enact masculine ideals of breadwinner and family head, the current political and economic context puts them under increasing pressure. Respondents drew a direct connection between the resulting sense of failure and unhealthy outlets for asserting masculinity, lack of productivity, and violence. They were critical of the fact that most programmes dealing with sexual and gender-based violence focus exclusively on supporting women. I argue here that such interventions do not recognise the interdependent and interactive nature of gender. Their antagonising effect is evidenced by the high level of men's resistance to programmes and campaigns promoting gender equality. The article further highlights the role of 'hegemonic masculinity' in creating a general climate of violence and conflict, pointing up the need for holistic approaches that empower men to make non-violent life choices.

Topics: Gender, Men, Masculinity/ies, Gender-Based Violence, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Sexual Violence, Violence Regions: Africa, Central Africa Countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo

Year: 2013

Constructing ‘Modern Gendered Civilised’ Women and Men: Gender-Mainstreaming in Refugee Camps

Citation:

Grabska, Katarzyna. 2011. “Constructing ‘Modern Gendered Civilised’ Women and Men: Gender-Mainstreaming in Refugee Camps.” Gender and Development 19 (1): 81–93.

Author: Katarzyna Grabska

Abstract:

Gender mainstreaming in humanitarian programmes with forced migrants is based on a belief that such an approach will lead to greater gender equality, while raising the status of women through their ‘empowerment’. In this article, I focus on the activities of international and local humanitarian organisations in Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya. I argue that the concepts of ‘gender’ and ‘women’ are often over-simplified and essentialised in gender mainstreaming, and this results in programmes which not only exacerbate gender asymmetries, but may also place women at risk.

Keywords: gender-mainstreaming, Kenya, migration

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Migration, Forced Migration, Refugee/IDP Camps, Gender, Women, Gender Mainstreaming, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Humanitarian Assistance, International Organizations Regions: Africa, East Africa Countries: Kenya, Sudan

Year: 2011

Coping Strategies of Sudanese Refugee Women in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya

Citation:

Gladden, Jessica. 2013. “Coping Strategies of Sudanese Refugee Women in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya.” Refugee Survey Quarterly 32 (4): 66-89.

Author: Jessica Gladden

Abstract:

Thirty Sudanese women currently living in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya were interviewed regarding their coping strategies in May 2011. The three central areas of discussion for the study were informal social support, the role of the women’s beliefs, and formal supports in the camp and how these items contributed to coping strategies. It was found that women were limited in their emotional coping strategies by their many physical needs. Much of the focus of their discussion was around their attempts to meet these physical needs. Formal supports, in particular the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, were the primary form of support available and utilised by the women in the study. Beliefs in God and education were the primary means of emotional support, with little assistance from friends and family.

Keywords: refugee, women, coping strategies, refugee camp

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Refugees, Refugee/IDP Camps, Education, Gender, Women, Health, Mental Health, Humanitarian Assistance, International Organizations, Religion Regions: Africa, East Africa Countries: Kenya, Sudan

Year: 2013

Migration and Gender Empowerment: Recent Trends and Emerging Issues

Citation:

Ghosh, Jayati. 2009. Migration and Gender Empowerment: Recent Trends and Emerging Issues. New York: United Nations Development Programme. Research paper 2009/04.

Author: Jayati Ghosh

Abstract:

Women are increasingly significant as national and international migrants, and it is now evident that the complex relationship between migration and human development operates in gender-differentiated ways. However, because migration policy has typically been gender-blind, an explicit gender perspective is necessary. This paper attempts this, beginning with an examination of recent trends in women’s migration, internationally and within nations. It then considers the implications of the socio-economic context of the sending location for women migrants. The process of migration, and how that can be gender-differentiated, is discussed with particular reference to the various types of female migration that are common: marriage migration, family migration, forced migration, migration for work. These can be further disaggregated into legal and irregular migration, all of which affect and the issues and problems of women migrants in the process of migration and in the destination country. The manifold and complex gendered effects of migration are discussed with reference to varied experiences. Women migrants’ relations with the sending households and the issues relevant for returning migrants are also considered. The final section provides some recommendations for public policy for migration through a gender lens.

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Migration, Forced Migration, Gender, Women, Gender Analysis, Households, Livelihoods

Year: 2009

The Making of a Transnational Community: Migration, Development, and Cultural Change in the Dominican Republic

Citation:

Georges, Eugena. 1990. The Making of a Transnational Community: Migration, Development, and Cultural Change in the Dominican Republic. New York: Columbia University Press.

Author: Eugena Georges

Abstract:

This book is specifically concerned with the less well-studied sending side of the migration continuum and offers a close-range view from the migrants' communities of origin. It is an anthropological study of how US-bound migration from a village in the Dominican Republic, Los Pinos, and from its surrounding countryside, has been initiated, organized, and articulated with larger social and economic processes through time. It is also an ethnographic account of the various consequences of international migration for those who remain in Los Pinos. Issues central to the study include: the essential characteristics of documented and undocumented migrants to the USA and their reasons for migration; the consequences of intensive migration for the local society in general and its economic development in particular; whether international migration has significantly enhanced social mobility and altered local social structure; whether gender relations and women's status changed as a consequence of migration; and the ideological and cultural impact of migration on those still in the community. The structural-historical perspective provides a valuable framework for identifying the political and economic forces that condition migration at the macro level. However, the concrete process of migration becomes intelligible only when adequate attention is also paid to intermediate processes operating on the ground: the organization of households, the composition of networks, and the local formation of classes and class segments. The study assesses migration from Los Pinos in the context of Dominican state policies and the broader constraints of the world system in which the republic is enmeshed. (EBSCO) 

Topics: Class, Displacement & Migration, Migration, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Households Regions: Americas, Caribbean countries, North America Countries: Dominican Republic, United States of America

Year: 1990

Exercising Exit, Voice and Loyalty: A Gender Perspective on Transnationalism in Haiti

Citation:

Gammage, Sarah. 2004. “Exercising Exit, Voice and Loyalty: A Gender Perspective on Transnationalism in Haiti.” Development and Change 35 (4): 743–71.

Author: Sarah Gammage

Abstract:

This article explores gendered patterns of migration and transnationalism in Haiti. A combination of factors has prompted extensive rural-urban migration and emigration over the last three decades: violence, repression, economic collapse and the implementation of neoliberal reforms have left many Haitians with few options other than to seek a new life elsewhere. Although many Haitians abroad naturalize and take citizenship in host countries, emigration does not mean that ties to their homeland are severed. Indeed, a substantial number of Haitians remain intimately connected to Haiti, visiting, sending remittances and gifts, investing in land and exercising political voice in Haiti and in their country of residence. This article focuses on the gender dimension of Haitian migration and transnationalism drawing on Hirschman's typology of exit, voice and loyalty. These options are uniquely gendered. Although most analyses of transnational citizenship focus on men, women and women's movements in Haiti have also benefited from transnational organizing and the transnational links forged over the past three decades. Through migration, women have participated in changing the financial architecture and political landscape of Haiti. Expressions of voice and loyalty by women are challenging traditional gender roles in Haiti and contributing to an emerging transnationalism that has profound effects on Haitians and their communities at home and abroad.

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Migration, Economies, Gender, Gender Roles, Violence Regions: Americas, Caribbean countries Countries: Haiti

Year: 2004

All in the Family: Gender, Transnational Migration, and the Nation-State

Citation:

Fouron, Georges and Nina Glick Schiller. 2001. “All in the Family: Gender, Transnational Migration, and the Nation-State.” Identities 7 (4): 539-82.

Authors: Georges Fouron, Nina Glick Schiller

Abstract:

Over the years, feminist scholarship has illuminated the ways in which genders are differentiated and gender hierarchies are constituted as part of the way women and men learn to identify with a nation‐state. Much less has been said about the social reproduction of gender in transnational spaces. These spaces are created as people emigrate, settle far from their homelands, and yet develop networks of connection that maintain familial, economic, religious, and political ties to those homelands. The task of this paper is to begin to explore the ways in which gender and nation are mutually constituted within the transnational social fields that link homeland and new land. This paper is exploratory, using a case study of Haitian transnational connections as a catalyst for future investigation.

Keywords: Gender, transnational migration, nationalism, Haiti, United States

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Migration, Economies, Feminisms, Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Hierarchies, Nationalism, Political Participation, Religion Regions: Americas, Caribbean countries, North America Countries: Haiti, United States of America

Year: 2001

Migration and Gender in Morocco: The Impact of Migration on the Women Left Behind

Citation:

Ennaji, Moha, and Fatima Sadiqi. 2008. Migration and Gender in Morocco: The Impact of Migration on the Women Left Behind. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press.

Authors: Moha Ennaji, Fatima Sadiqi

Abstract:

This book focuses on international migration, given its highly significant political, economic, social, and cultural repercussions on both Morocco and the receiving countries. While the book focuses on the issue of migration and gender in Morocco, it discusses gender issues, particularly the situation of the women left behind by male migrants. The book presents updated figures and information on Moroccan migrants and migration to Europe. It discusses the development of the migration phenomenon, especially the motives for migration and migration effects on the women left behind in matters of development and in social change. The findings reveal that migration has positive effects on Moroccan society as a whole, concretized in the important remittances (over 3.3 billion dollars) sent back home each year. (Amazon)

Topics: Development, Displacement & Migration, Migration, Economies, Gender, Political Participation Regions: Africa, MENA, North Africa Countries: Morocco

Year: 2008

‘Education Is My Mother and Father’: The ‘Invisible’ Women of Sudan

Citation:

El Jack, Amani. 2012. “‘Education Is My Mother and Father’: The ‘Invisible’ Women of Sudan.” Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees 27 (2): 19-29.

Author: Amani El Jack

Abstract:

Education plays a significant role in informing the way people develop gender values, identities, relationships, and stereotypes. The education of refugees, however, takes place in multiple and diverse settings. Drawing on a decade of field research in Kenya, Sudan, Uganda, and North America, I examine the promises and challenges of education for refugees and argue that southern Sudanese refugee women and girls experience gendered and unequal access to education in protracted refugee sites such as the Kakuma refugee camp, as well as in resettled destinations such as Massachusetts. Many of these refugees, who are commonly referred to as the “lost boys and girls,” did not experience schooling in the context of a stable family life; that is why they often reiterate the Sudanese proverb, “Education is my mother and father.” I argue that tertiary education is crucial because it promotes self-reliance. It enables refugees, particularly women, to gain knowledge, voice, and skills which will give them access to better employment opportunities and earnings and thus enhance their equality and independence. Indeed, education provides a context within which to understand and make visible the changing nature of gender relationships of power.

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Refugees, Refugee/IDP Camps, Education, Gender, Women, Girls, Gender Analysis, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality Regions: Africa, East Africa, Americas, North America Countries: Kenya, South Sudan, Uganda, United States of America

Year: 2012

Pages

© 2024 CONSORTIUM ON GENDER, SECURITY & HUMAN RIGHTSLEGAL STATEMENT All photographs used on this site, and any materials posted on it, are the property of their respective owners, and are used by permission. Photographs: The images used on the site may not be downloaded, used, or reproduced in any way without the permission of the owner of the image. Materials: Visitors to the site are welcome to peruse the materials posted for their own research or for educational purposes. These materials, whether the property of the Consortium or of another, may only be reproduced with the permission of the owner of the material. This website contains copyrighted materials. The Consortium believes that any use of copyrighted material on this site is both permissive and in accordance with the Fair Use doctrine of 17 U.S.C. § 107. If, however, you believe that your intellectual property rights have been violated, please contact the Consortium at info@genderandsecurity.org.

Subscribe to RSS - Gender