Class

Citation:

Johnston, Melissa Frances. 2017. “Beyond Hybridity: A Feminist Political Economy of Timor-Leste’s Problematic Post-Conflict Peacebuilding.” Paper presented at International Studies Association Annual Convention 2017, Baltimore, February 22-25.

Author: Melissa Frances Johnston

Abstract:

Hybrid theories of peacebuilding explain the problematic outcomes of intervention as a result of a hybrid between the aims and norms of ‘liberal’ internationals and ‘non-liberal’ locals. This paper critiques such theories via a case study of East Timor post-conflict peacebuilding. Using a feminist political economy approach, and drawing on extensive primary data, the paper argues that there are no discrete groups of ‘liberal’ interveners and ‘local’ subjects, or any hybrids thereof. Problematic results cannot be located in hybrid peacebuilding. Rather, it explains how an elite class coalition has risen to dominate the post-conflict East Timorese state relying on a highly gendered allocation of the country’s petroleum fund resources. This gendered access to resources has allowed the elite coalition to shore up materially exploitative patriarchal relations, strongest among the rural base, and to consolidate a fragile, yet historically resilient, socio-political coalition crucial to its rule.

Topics: Class, Feminisms, Feminist Political Economy, Gendered Power Relations, Patriarchy, Peacebuilding, Post-Conflict Regions: Oceania Countries: Timor-Leste

Year: 2017

Citation:

Ball, Jennifer. 2019. “Women and Peacebuilding in Uganda.” In Women, Development and Peacebuilding in Africa: Stories from Uganda, 3–29. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.

Author: Jennifer Ball

Abstract:

Peacebuilding is typically viewed in international arenas as processes and activities engaged in during periods of post-conflict reconstruction, following on the heels of peacemaking and peacekeeping. The peacebuilders are often outsiders, and usually Westerners. This chapter upends those traditional notions, offering a more holistic view of peacebuilding, and one in which local women are key players. The focus is not merely on reconstruction, but also on the prevention and resolution of violence and conflict, by ensuring the socioeconomic and political conditions in which people’s rights and basic human needs can be met. This chapter looks at the roles of women in peacebuilding, and then at women peacebuilders in the Ugandan context. It notes ways in which Ugandan women at the grassroots have played and continue to play significant and often unheralded roles in fraught situations.

Keywords: peacebuilding, Ugandan women, Mazurana, violent conflict, grassroots

Topics: Class, Conflict, Gender, Women, Peacebuilding, Post-Conflict, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Rights, Violence Regions: Africa, East Africa Countries: Uganda

Year: 2019

Citation:

Kindervater, Lisa, and Sheila Meintjes. 2018. "Gender and Governance in Post-Conflict and Democratizing Settings." In The Oxford Handbook of Gender and Conflict, edited by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes, and Nahla Valji, 468-484. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

Authors: Lisa Kindervater, Sheila Meintjes

Abstract:

Women have the opportunity to make significant economic, political, and sociocultural gains during transitions to peace and democracy; however, these gains are frequently lost when competitive electoral politics resumes. This chapter identifies the key mechanisms responsible for this loss, providing examples from several countries in sub-Saharan Africa. These mechanisms include institutional constraints, historical political conditions, donor-driven agendas, prevailing cultural norms, and the nature of the women’s movement. The chapter suggests that while the enactment of laws and policies related to women’s rights are an important first step, a feminist and transformational agenda in post-conflict societies requires focus on patriarchal cultures and practices. The chapter argues that such transformation is aided by the fostering of strong relationships between grassroots women activists and politically elite women.

Keywords: post-conflict, electoral politics, patriarchal cultures, feminism, women's movement, donor agenda, Sub-Saharan Africa

Topics: Class, Feminisms, Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Patriarchy, Governance, Livelihoods, Post-Conflict, Political Participation, Peace Processes Regions: Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, West Africa

Year: 2018

Citation:

Sachs, Carolyn E., ed. 2019. Gender, Agriculture and Agrarian Transformations: Changing Relations in Africa, Latin America and Asia. Abingdon: Routledge.

Author: Carolyn E. Sachs

Annotation:

Topics: Class, Agriculture, Displacement & Migration, Environment, Climate Change, Ethnicity, Feminisms, Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Livelihoods Regions: Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, Americas, Central America, South America, Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia Countries: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Malawi, Peru, Vietnam

Year: 2019

Citation:

Valenciano, Renata Cristiane, and Antonio Thomaz Júnior. 2002. "O Papel da Mulher na Luta pela Terra. uma Questão de Gênero e/ou Classe?" Scripta Nova, Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales 6 119 (26). 

Authors: Renata Cristiane Valenciano, Antonio Thomaz Júnior

Abstract:

PORTUGUESE ABSTRACT:
Pretendemos neste projeto de pesquisa, compreender a inserção e ação da mulher na luta pela terra, e priorizar a especificidade do embate existente entre as três dimensões que a mulher internaliza: enquanto provedora da força de trabalho e da família. Enquanto trabalhadora, no cotidiano da lavra, e na militância política. Mais especificamente põe-se a apreender as manifestações específicas que as mulheres estão apresentando, no raio organizativo do MST, através dos Coletivos de Gênero, das decisões e propostas de trabalho deliberadas, bem como seus desdobramentos, sendo que os Coletivos de Gênero ganham em abrangência e magnitude, tendo em vista privilegiar nas pautas de discussões, não somente a questão da exploração da mulher trabalhadora, os preconceitos, a violência, mas, sobretudo a emancipação de classe.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
We intended in this research project, to understand the insert and the woman's action in the fight for the earth, and to prioritize the specific of the existent collision among the three dimensions that the woman internalize: while supplying of the manpower and of the family. While worker, in the daily of the plowing, and in the political militancy. More specifically he/she begins to apprehend the specific manifestations that the women are presenting, in the ray of organization of MST, through the Buses of Gender, of the decisions and work proposals deliberated, as well as your unfoldings, and the Buses of Gender win in inclusion and magnitude, tends in view to privilege in the lines of discussions, not only the subject of the hard-working woman's exploration, the prejudices, the violence, but, above all the class emancipation.

Keywords: trabalhadora rural, luta pela terra, gênero, classe, rural worker, land struggle, Gender, class

Topics: Class, Conflict, Resource Conflict, Gender, Women, Livelihoods, Rights, Land Rights Regions: Americas, South America Countries: Brazil

Year: 2002

Citation:

Boesten, Jelke. 2019. "Peace for Whom? Legacies of Gender-Based Violence in Peru." In Politics after Violence: Legacies of the Shining Path Conflict in Peru, edited by Hillel David Soifer and Alberto Vergara. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Author: Jelke Boesten

Annotation:

Topics: Age, Armed Conflict, Civil Society, Class, Ethnicity, Gender, Women, Gender-Based Violence, Justice, Impunity, TRCs, Post-Conflict, Sexual Violence, Violence Regions: Americas, South America Countries: Peru

Year: 2019

Citation:

Jacobs, Susie. 2003. "Democracy, Class & Gender in Land Reform: A Zimbabwean Example?" In Walking Towards Justice: Democratization in Rural Life, edited by Michael M. Bell and Fred Hendricks, 203-28. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Author: Susie Jacobs

Abstract:

In Zimbabwe, a curious set of events has occurred since early 2000. Land reform, usually taken to be in defence of rural democracy, is being employed by a government determined to remain in power and veering increasingly toward violent authoritarianism.

Topics: Class, Gender, Governance, Rights, Land Rights, Violence Regions: Africa, Southern Africa Countries: Zimbabwe

Year: 2003

Citation:

Pogoson, Aituaje Irene, and Moses Ugbobi Saleh. 2019. "Gender and Nigeria's Internal Security Management." In Internal Security Management in Nigeria: Perspectives, Challenges and Lessons, edited by Oshita O. Oshita, Ikenna Mike Alumona, and Freedom Chukwudi Onuoha, 633-647. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.

Authors: Aituaje Irene Pogoson, Moses Ugbobi Saleh

Abstract:

Emerging developments since the return to democracy in Nigeria in May 1999 indicate that the country’s national security continues to face severe internal challenges. Nigeria experiences increase in violent internal security challenges which, attempts by the security agencies to contain, appear not to be effective nor gender conscious. Nigeria’s internal security architecture and management is not gender balanced and women’s security concerns are not mainstreamed into security. This chapter extends the perception of security beyond its understanding as primarily a state concern to examine the dynamics of gender in internal security management. Gender is not just ‘about women’—it is about men and women and the different roles, characteristics and behaviour expected or assumed of them in a society. Gender plays a critical role in determining the types of crimes that women, girls, men and boys tend to commit, and to be victims of. Gender factors such as age, disability, gender, ethnicity and class are central to our understanding of security. Therefore, taking into consideration gender issues in internal security management is crucial to maintain peace and security.

From the backdrop of the gender implications of unrest in the Niger Delta Region, the chapter discusses the growth of militant Islamism primarily in Northern Nigeria, the hazard of raiding armed Fulani herdsmen and the Zaki-Biam invasion, among others. The chapter concludes that gender sensitivity to internal security management is crucial to the overall objectives of any security measure or decision to restore normalcy and that the management of internal security can no longer be understood in one-dimensional terms, as protection from external enemies. Other non traditional aspects of national security, the protection from internal enemies, ignorance and despair especially as it concerns women in particular, must be entrenched.

Keywords: Gender, peace, security, security management

Topics: Class, Ethnicity, Gender, Gender Roles, Gendered Power Relations, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Security Sector Reform Regions: Africa, West Africa Countries: Nigeria

Year: 2019

Citation:

Sultana, Farhana. 2020. “Embodied Intersectionalities of Urban Citizenship: Water, Infrastructure, and Gender in the Global South.” Annals of the American Association of Geographers. doi:10.1080/24694452.2020.1715193.

Author: Farhana Sultana

Abstract:

Scholars have demonstrated that citizenship is tied to water provision in megacities of the Global South where water crises are extensive and the urban poor often do not have access to public water supplies. Drawing from critical feminist scholarship, this article argues for the importance of analyzing the connections between embodied intersectionalities of sociospatial differences (in this instance, gender, class, and migrant status) and materialities (of water and water infrastructure) and their relational effects on urban citizenship. Empirical research from the largest informal settlement in Dhaka, Bangladesh, as well as surrounding affluent neighborhoods, demonstrates that differences in water insecurity and precarity not only reinforce heightened senses of exclusion among the urban poor but affect their lived citizenship practices, community mobilizations, and intersectional claims-making to urban citizenship, recognition, and belonging through water. Spatial and temporal dimensions of materialities of water and infrastructure intersect with embodiments of gender, class, and migrant status unevenly in the urban waterscape to create differentiated urban citizens in spaces of abjection and dispossession. The article argues that an everyday embodied perspective on intersectionalities of urban citizenship enriches the scholarship on the water–citizenship nexus.

Keywords: citizenship, embodied, infrastructure, intersectionality, urban, water

Topics: Citizenship, Class, Migration, Urban Displacement, Economies, Poverty, Feminisms, Gender, Infrastructure, Water & Sanitation Regions: Asia, South Asia Countries: Bangladesh

Year: 2020

Citation:

Puar, Jasbir. 2013. "Rethinking Homonationalism." International Journal of Middle East Studies 45 (2): 336-39. 

Author: Jasbir Puar

Annotation:

"In my 2007 monograph Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times (hereafter TA), I develop the conceptual frame of "homonationalism" for understanding the complexities of how "acceptance" and "tolerance" for gay and lesbian subjects have become a barometer by which the right to and capacity for national sovereignty is evaluated. I had become increasingly frustrated with the standard refrain of transnational feminist discourse as well as queer theories that unequivocally stated, quite vociferously throughout the 1990s, that the nation is heteronormative and that the queer is inherently an outlaw to the nation-state. While the discourse of American exceptionalism has always served a vital role in U.S. nation-state formation, TA examines how sexuality has become a crucial formation in the articulation of proper U.S. citizens across other registers like gender, class, and race, both nationally and transnationally. In this sense, homonationalism is an analytic category deployed to understand and historicize how and why a nation's status as "gay-friendly" has become desirable in the first place. Like modernity, homonationalism can be resisted and re-signified, but not opted out of: we are all conditioned by it and through it." (Puar 2013, 336)

Topics: Citizenship, Class, Feminisms, Gender, LGBTQ, Nationalism, Race Regions: Asia, Middle East Countries: Israel, Palestine / Occupied Palestinian Territories

Year: 2013