North America

Citation:

Briseño-Maas, María Leticía, y Eduardo Bautista-Martínez. 2016. “La Violencia hacia las Mujeres en Oaxaca. En los Caminos de la Desigualdad y la Pobreza.” LiminaR. Estudios Sociales y Humanístico 14 (2): 15-27.

Authors: María Leticía Briseño-Maas, Eduardo Bautista-Martínez

Abstract:

Keywords: violencia hacia las mujeres, desigualdad, pobreza, violence against women, inequality, poverty

Topics: Conflict, Resource Conflict, Economies, Poverty, Gender, Women, Gender-Based Violence, Indigenous, Intersectionality, Land Tenure Regions: Americas, North America Countries: Mexico

Year: 2016

Citation:

García, Verónica Vázquez. 2018. “Género y arrebato de tierras: El caso del nuevo aeropuerto internacional de Ciudad de México.” Región y Sociedad 73.

Author: Verónica Vázquez García

Abstract:

Keywords: gênero, desigualdad, acaparamiento de tierras, derecho de propiedad, mercados de tierra, desamortización, gender, inequality, land grabbing, property right, land markets, disentailment

Topics: Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Masculinism, Infrastructure, Information & Communication Technologies, Land Grabbing, Rights, Property Rights Regions: Americas, North America Countries: Mexico

Year: 2018

Citation:

Vázques, Magdalena Lagunas, Luis Felipe Beltrán Morales, y Alfredo Ortega Rubio. 2018. “Derecho agrario, herencia y tierra en ejidos del Noroeste de México: un análisis sociocultural con perspectiva de género*.” Desacatos 58: 148-67.

Authors: Magdalena Lagunas Vázques, Luis Felipe Beltrán Morales, Alfredo Ortega Rubio

Abstract:

Keywords: ejidos, perspectiva de género, desigualdad agraria, mujeres campesinas, ejidatarias, ejidos––village comunal holdings, gender perspective, agrarian inequality, rural women, women with land rights

Topics: Gender, Women, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Rights, Land Rights Regions: Americas, North America Countries: Mexico

Year: 2018

Citation:

Allen, Elizabeth, Hannah Lyons, and Jennie C. Stephens. 2019. “Women’s Leadership in Renewable Transformation, Energy Justice and Energy Democracy: Redistributing Power.” Energy Research & Social Science 57 (November). doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2019.101233.

Authors: Elizabeth Allen, Hannah Lyons, Jennie C. Stephens

Abstract:

As women take on more leadership roles in the United States advancing social and political change, analysis of women’s contributions to the transformation occurring within the energy sector is critically important. Grassroots movements focused on energy justice and energy democracy focus on: (1) resisting the power of large multinational fossil fuel energy companies that exacerbate inequities and disparities in energy, (2) reclaiming the energy sector with more community and public control to redisitrbute benefits and risks, and (3) restructuring the energy sector to prioritize equity and justice with community ownership and distributed governance. This research analyzes women’s leadership by focusing on how two women-led, non-profit organizations are advancing the renewable energy transition, operationalizing the concept of energy democracy and contributing to the energy justice movement. The two organizations are Grid Alternatives, a solar installation and workforce training organization, and Mothers Out Front, an advocacy organization focused on addressing climate change by promoting a transition to renewable energy. These organizations differ in their mission and approaches, yet both intentionally link climate and energy action with other forms of social justice activism, by expanding community engagement, strengthening participation, and fundamentally redistributing power to promote a transition to more equitable, resilient and sustainable energy systems. This paper contributes to the theoretical understanding of gender in energy justice and energy democracy movements, and to the practical consideration of the role that women’s leadership is playing in accelerating energy system change and advancing the principles of energy justice and energy democracy. 

Keywords: gender, energy, renewable energy, fossil fuels, energy justice, energy democracy, power

Topics: Civil Society, Democracy / Democratization, Gender, Women, Infrastructure, Energy, Justice, Multi-National Corporations, Political Participation Regions: Americas, North America Countries: United States of America

Year: 2019

Citation:

Lieu, Jenny, Alevgul H. Sorman, Oliver W. Johnson, Luis D. Virla, and Bernadette P. Resurrección. 2020. “Three Sides to Every Story: Gender Perspectives in Energy Transition Pathways in Canada, Kenya and Spain.” Energy Research & Social Science 68. doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101550

Authors: Jenny Lieu, Alevgul H. Sorman, Oliver W. Johnson, Luis D. Virla, Bernadette P. Resurrección

Abstract:

Transitions toward a low-carbon future are not only technical and economical, but also deeply social and gendered. The gendered nature of energy transitions is often implicit and unexplored. As a corrective, this paper explores energy pathways by applying concepts from innovations and gender studies. We examine gender perspectives and niche energy innovations which could disrupt the regime. The regime represents the mainstream pathway that includes the dominant gender perspective and energy system. We explore different gender perspectives of energy transition pathways by applying an Alternative Pathways framework that includes: (1)  on-stream pathways that exist within the mainstream pathway to promote equal opportunities for women and men, as well as niches for energy innovations without challenging the high-carbon energy regime; (2) off-stream pathways that depart from the mainstream and promote differences across different genders while creating niches outside the energy regime; and (3) transformative pathways that are fundamentally different from the previous mainstream and includes all gender perspectives in a new energy regime. Applying this framing, in Canada, we explored Indigenous perspectives in the oil sands sector; in Kenya, we studied largescale renewable energy impacting Indigneous communities; in Spain, we evaluate the movement away from fossil fuels and towards renewable technologies. The framework helped to identify that mainstream pathways represented the dominant male perspective while woman's perspective were largely left out. Such absence generate energy pathways that are disconnected from local realities, lack public buy-in and slow-down a sustainable energy transition.

Keywords: energy transition pathways, renewable energy, gender, women, intersectionality, Indigenous people

Topics: Environment, Climate Change, Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Indigenous, Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Infrastructure, Energy Regions: Africa, East Africa, Americas, North America, Europe, Southern Europe Countries: Canada, Kenya, Spain

Year: 2020

Citation:

Moore, Niamh. 2008. “Eco/Feminism, Non-Violence and the Future of Feminism.” International Journal of Politics 10 (3): 282-98.

Author: Niamh Moore

Abstract:

This article turns to an eco/feminist peace camp of the early 1990s in order to revisit the often passionate and troubled debates in feminism about pacifism, non-violence, maternalism and essentialism. Many readings of feminist peace activism, and eco/ feminism, have collapsed a complicated politics into simple manifestations of maternalism, while at the same time reducing maternalism to essentialism. In this process essentialism has been invoked to disavow feminist peace activism and eco/feminist activism. Yet the critique of essentialism has now been the subject of much reflection by feminists. Rather than ascribing the category of ‘essentialism’, genealogical approaches attend to how the categories of ‘essentialism’ and ‘woman’ are invoked and to what ends. Such approaches thereby open up possibilities for understanding ecofeminist activism beyond essentialism. While an eco/feminist peace camp may appear an archetypal site for the re-inscription and repetition of essentialism, I suggest that without returning to such sites it will remain impossible to go beyond essentialism. Through a genealogical examination of contestations over the meanings and practice of eco/feminism at the camp, I understand this late-twentieth century peace camp, not as a quaint throwback to the disavowed activism of the 1970s and 1980s, but as a site through which the future of eco/feminist politics was, and can be, re-imagined.

Keywords: Clayoquot Sound, ecofeminism, essentialism, genealogy, maternalism, non-violence, peace camp, the 1980s, the 1990s

Topics: Feminisms, Ecofeminism Regions: Americas, North America Countries: Canada

Year: 2008

Citation:

Young, Claire F.L. 2000. Women, Tax and Social Programs: The Gendered Impact of Funding Social Programs Through the Tax System. Ottowa: Status of Women Canada. 

Author: Claire F.L. Young

Abstract:

This study examines the impact on women of funding social programs through the tax system. It does so using the framework of tax expenditure analysis, which allows one to view any departure from the normative tax system (i.e., those basic rules, such as the tax rate and the tax unit, that comprise the revenue-raising part of the system) as a spending measure. The analysis also takes into account the socio-economic realities of women’s lives and concludes that many tax measures that are subsidies in respect of social programs do not benefit women to the same extent that they benefit men. Tax measures explored include the childcare expense deduction, the Canada Child Tax Benefit, tax subsidies for retirement saving, the disability tax credit and tax relief for caregivers. The conclusion is that in many instances women have less access to these tax subsidies and, often, the amount they receive is less than the amount that men receive. The study concludes with a list of issues that should be considered by those involved in the tax policy process in order to ensure that women are not disadvantaged in comparison to men when tax subsidies are used to fund social programs.

Topics: Economies, Public Finance, Gender, Women, Men Regions: Americas, North America Countries: Canada

Year: 2000

Citation:

Valodia, Imraan and Caren Grown. 2010. Taxation and Gender Equity: A Comparative Analysis of Direct and Indirect Taxes in Developing and Developed Countries. New York: Routledge; Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.

Authors: Imraan Valodia, Caren Grown

Annotation:

Topics: Development, Economies, Public Finance, Poverty, Gender, Women Regions: Africa, MENA, East Africa, North Africa, Southern Africa, West Africa, Americas, North America, South America, Asia, South Asia Countries: Argentina, Ghana, India, Mexico, Morocco, South Africa, Uganda, United States of America

Year: 2010

Citation:

Kleinman, Ariel Jurow, Amy K. Matsui, Estelle Mitchell. 2019. “The Faulty Foundation of the Tax Code: Gender and Racial Bias in Our Tax Laws.” Working Paper No. 19-423, School of Law, University of San Diego, San Diego. 

Authors: Ariel Jurow Kleinman, Amy K. Matsui, Estelle Mitchell

Abstract:

This report examines the outdated assumptions and gender and racial biases embedded in the U.S. tax code. It highlights tax code provisions that reflect and exacerbate gender disparities, with particular attention to those that disadvantage low-income women, women of color, members of the LGBTQ community, people with disabilities, and immigrants.

Keywords: tax, Gender, tax code, income tax, feminism, inequality, poverty

Topics: Displacement & Migration, Migration, Economies, Public Finance, Poverty, Feminisms, Gender, Women, LGBTQ, Race Regions: Americas, North America Countries: United States of America

Year: 2019

Citation:

Osnes, Beth, Adrian Manygoats, and Lindsay Weitkamp. 2015. “A Framework for Engaging Navajo Women in Clean Energy Development through Applied Theatre.” Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance 20 (2): 242–57.

Authors: Beth Osnes, Adrian Manygoats, Lindsay Weitkamp

Abstract:

ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
Through applied theatre, Navajo women can participate in authoring a new story for how energy is mined, produced, developed, disseminated and used in the Navajo Nation. This article is an analysis of a creative process that was utilised with primarily Navajo women to create a Navajo Women’s Energy Project (NWEP). The framework for this creative process guided women in deeply considering energy issues from their own perspective and value base, facilitated them in articulating their values around energy, assessing the current energy situation not authored by women and invited them to imagine what kind of energy future they want. Finally, it facilitated women in identifying and rehearsing actions to move from the current story to the new story. This process is designed to include the participation of women who have rich life experience that is often in intimate and direct relationship with the environment, who hold knowledge in their bodies from lived experience and value traditional views and beliefs. The framework for applied theatre in this article helped to lay the groundwork for the NWEP in a relatively short amount of time in a manner that was inclusive, efficient, aesthetically stirring and fun. This framework has the potential to expedite and support the participation of women in authoring a new story for a wide variety of social issues.

CHINESE ABSTRACT:
通過應用戲劇，納瓦霍族婦女參與創作了一個關於在納瓦霍族保留地如何開採、生產、發展、散播以及使用能源的新故事。本文描述了這一創造性的過程，納瓦霍族婦女利用這一過程建立了納瓦霍族婦女能源計畫，即NWEP。這一創造性的過程引領女性從她們自身的角度與價值觀出發，深入思考了能源問題，激發她們表達自己對能源的觀點並衡量並非由女性所造成的能源現狀，激發她們想像什麼才是未來她們需要的能源。接下來，認識問題與排練的活動由當前的故事推進到新的故事。這一過程的設計旨在使各種女性都參與其中，她們中有人與環境有著密切相關的豐富經驗，有人擁有來自生活經歷的知識與認識，有人更是抱著出於自身文化的傳統觀點與信仰。 文中描述的應用戲劇專案幫助NWEP在相對有限的時間裡完成了基本工作，內容上相容並蓄，在高效率的同時兼顧了審美性與趣味性。這一專案有潛力推動並支持女性就更多的社會問題創作新的故事。

SPANISH ABSTRACT:
A través del teatro aplicado, las mujeres Navajo pueden participar en la autoría de una nueva historia de cómo se extrae, se produce, se desarrolla, se disemina y se usa la energía en la Nación de Navajo. Este artículo es un informe descriptivo sobre un proceso creativo que fue utilizado principalmente con mujeres Navajo para crear un Proyecto de Energía de las Mujeres Navajo (NWEP) . El marco para este proceso creativo guió a las mujeres a considerar profundamente los problemas de energía desde sus propias perspectivas y su base de valores, les ayudó a expresar sus apreciaciones sobre energía, evaluando la situación actual de la energía no creada por mujeres, y las invitó a imaginar la clase de futuro energético que desean. También facilitó la identificación y el ensayo de acciones para pasar de la historia actual a la nueva historia. Este proceso está diseñado para incluir la participación de mujeres con vidas llenas de experiencias que a menudo están en directa e intima relación con el medio ambiente, que poseen conocimiento en sus cuerpos de las experiencias vividas y que valoran muchos de los puntos de vista y creencias tradicionales de su cultura. El marco de teatro aplicado descrito en este artículo ayudó a fundar las bases para la NWEP en un tiempo relativamente corto y de una manera que fue comprensiva, eficiente, estéticamente estimulante y divertida. Esta estructura tiene el potencial de acelerar y de apoyar la participación de las mujeres en la autoría de una nueva historia para una amplia variedad de asuntos sociales.

Keywords: clean energy, gender equity, Navajo women, participatory development, applied theatre

Topics: Environment, Gender, Women, Infrastructure, Energy Regions: Americas, North America Countries: United States of America

Year: 2015