Peru

Gender Responsive Budgeting and Aid Effectiveness Knowledge Briefs

Citation:

United Nations Development Fund for Women. 2010. Gender Responsive Budgeting and Aid Effectiveness Knowledge Briefs. New York: The United Nations Development Fund for Women.

Author: United Nations Development Fund for Women

Abstract:

This series of knowledge briefs available in English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese has been produced on the basis of research carried out under the European Commission-supported programme ‘Integrating Gender Responsive Budgeting into the Aid Effectiveness Agenda’. 

The research, which was carried out in ten countries (Cameroon, Ethiopia, India, Morocco, Nepal, Mozambique, Peru, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda) investigated how gender responsive budgeting (GRB) tools and strategies had been used in the context of aid modalities, such as general budget support (GBS) and sector budget support (SBS).

The research aimed to increase national partners’ and European Union decision-makers’ understanding of the opportunities for using GRB to ensure that aid contributes to the achievement of gender equality goals. The knowledge briefs aim to provide guidance on using GRB tools to integrate a gender dimension into new modalities of aid financing, so that these support the implementation of governments’ gender equality commitments. The target audiences are programmers and policy makers working for national governments, the European Commission, and bilateral donors.

The series consists of 5 separate briefs:

·Introduction to Gender Responsive Budgeting and Aid Effectivenes

· Guidance sheet on ‘How can aid be gender responsive in the context of the new aid modalities? Lessons from gender responsive budgeting initiatives’

· Brief on ‘How do donors collectively address gender issues in their aid management practices at country level?’

· Brief on ‘How do Individual donors address gender Issues in their policy, programming, and financing?’

· Summaries of country reports

 

Topics: Gender, Gender Budgeting Regions: Africa, MENA, Central Africa, East Africa, North Africa, Southern Africa, Americas, South America, Asia, South Asia Countries: Cameroon, Ethiopia, India, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Peru, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda

Year: 2010

Ten-Country Overview Report: Integrating Gender Responsive Budgeting into the Aid Effectiveness Agenda

Citation:

Budlender, Debbie. 2009. Ten-Country Overview Report: Integrating Gender Responsive Budgeting into the Aid Effectiveness Agenda. New York: The United Nations Development Fund for Women.

Author: Debbie Budlender

Abstract:

The following research reports (1 composite report and 10 country reports) have been generated as part of the UNIFEM programme,  "Integrating gender responsive budgeting into the aid effectiveness agenda”. The three-year programme funded by the European Commission (EC) was launched in 2008 and consists of research and programmatic technical assistance.

The programme seeks to demonstrate how gender responsive budgeting (GRB) tools and strategies contribute to enhancing a positive impact on gender equality of aid provided in the form of General Budget Support (GBS).

The first aspect of the programme involved research in ten developing countries to deepen the understanding of national partners and European Union (EU) decision makers of the opportunities for using GRB to enhance accountability to gender equality in the context of the aid effectiveness agenda. Concerned countries were Ethiopia, Peru, Tanzania, Uganda, Morocco, Nepal, India, Rwanda, Mozambique and Cameroon.

The second aspect of the programme will involve the selection of five countries in which targeted and tailored technical support will be provided in 2009 and 2010 to improve country capacity to further institutionalise GRB. (Abstract from UN Women)

Topics: Gender, Gender Budgeting Regions: Africa, MENA, Central Africa, East Africa, North Africa, Southern Africa, Americas, South America, Asia, South Asia Countries: Cameroon, Ethiopia, India, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Peru, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda

Year: 2009

Debates and Dilemmas: Water

Citation:

Everett, Jana Matson, and Sue Ellen M. Charlton. 2014. “Debates and Dilemmas: Water.” In Women Navigating Globalization: Feminist Approaches to Development, 95–117. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Authors: Jana Matson Everett, Sue Ellen M. Charlton

Topics: Gender, Gender Roles, Gender Analysis, Femininity/ies, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Households, Infrastructure, Water & Sanitation, Privatization, Rights, Human Rights Regions: Africa, Southern Africa, Americas, South America Countries: Peru, South Africa

Year: 2014

Women, Non-Governmental Organizations, and Deforestation: a Cross-National Study

Citation:

Shandra, John M., Carrie L. Shandra, and Bruce London. 2008. “Women, Non-Governmental Organizations, and Deforestation: A Cross-National Study.” Population and Environment 30 (1-2): 48–72.

Authors: John M. Shandra, Carrie L. Shandra, Bruce London

Abstract:

There have been several cross-national studies published in the world polity theoretical tradition that find a strong correlation between nations with high levels of environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and low levels of various forms of environmental degradation. However, these studies neglect the role that women’s NGOs potentially play in this process. We seek to address this gap by conducting a cross-national study of the association between women’s NGOs and deforestation. We examine this relationship because deforestation often translates into increased household labor, loss of income, and impaired health for women and, as a result, women’s non-governmental organizations have become increasingly involved in dealing with these problems often by protecting forests. We use data from a sample of 61 nations for the period of 1990–2005. We find substantial support for world polity theory that both high levels of women’s and environmental NGOs per capita are associated with lower rates of deforestation. We also find that high levels of debt service and structural adjustment are correlated with higher rates of forest loss. We conclude with a discussion of findings, policy implications, and possible future research directions.

Keywords: deforestation, women, non-governmental organizations, cross-national

Topics: Economies, Environment, Extractive Industries, Gender, Women, NGOs Regions: Africa, MENA, Central Africa, East Africa, North Africa, Southern Africa, West Africa, Americas, Caribbean countries, Central America, North America, South America, Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe, Baltic states, Balkans, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Oceania Countries: Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad & Tobago, Uganda, Uruguay, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Year: 2008

Negotiating Livelihoods: Women, Mining and Water Resources in Peru

Citation:

Li, Fabiana. 2008. “Negotiating Livelihoods: Women, Mining and Water Resources in Peru.” Canadian Woman Studies 27 (1): 97–102.

Author: Fabiana Li

Annotation:

“In this article I want to critically examine the relationship between mining, water use, and women’s role. However, instead of starting from the assumption that women have a more direct affinity with Nature and a privileged role in the protection of water resources, I want to provide a nuanced account of women’s experiences with mining and the ways in which they are affected by and respond to mining activity. While recognizing that women play an important role in defending their resources and ways of life, I want to show that their response to mining activity is sometimes marked by ambivalence and contradiction. As they struggle to negotiate their means of livelihood, people’s relationships with the mining company oscillate between antagonism and cooperation” (Li, 2008, p. 96- 97).

Topics: Development, Economies, Environment, Extractive Industries, Gender, Women, Gender Roles, Households, Infrastructure, Water & Sanitation, Livelihoods Regions: Americas, South America Countries: Peru

Year: 2008

Unearthing Women's Anti-Mining Activism in the Andes: Pachamama and the “Mad Old Women”

Citation:

Jenkins, Katy. 2015. “Unearthing Women’s Anti-Mining Activism in the Andes: Pachamama and the ‘Mad Old Women.'" Antipode 47 (2): 442–60.

Author: Katy Jenkins

Abstract:

Women play an important role in social activism challenging the expansion of extractive industries across Latin America. In arguing that this involvement has been largely unrecognised, this paper explores Andean Peruvian and Ecuadorian women's accounts of their activism and the particular gendered narratives that the women deploy in explaining and legitimising this activism. These discussions contribute to understanding the patterning of grassroots activism and making visible the gendered micro-politics of resistance and struggle around natural resource use, as well as to understanding the gendered and strategic ways in which women contest dominant discourses of development.

Topics: Civil Society, Development, Environment, Extractive Industries, Gender, Women, Gender Roles, Nonviolence, Rights, Land Rights, Women's Rights Regions: Americas, South America Countries: Ecuador, Peru

Year: 2015

The Impact of Women’s Mobilisation: Civil Society Organisations and the Implementation of Land Titling in Peru

Citation:

Glavin, Guro, Kristian Stokke, and Henrik Wiig. 2013. “The Impact of Women’s Mobilisation: Civil Society Organisations and the Implementation of Land Titling in Peru.” Forum for Development Studies 40 (1): 129–52. 
 

Authors: Guro Glavin, Kristian Stokke, Henrik Wiig

Abstract:

This article analyses how civil society organisations (CSOs) influenced the implementation of the National Land Titling Project (PETT) in Peru. Land titling projects such as PETT raise a number of questions about the social implications of formalisation. Women often are disadvantaged when it comes to land titling, due to several factors such as lack of legal documentation, illiteracy and the predominant gender division of labour. However, evaluations of the formalisation process in Peru show that there has been an increase in the incidence of joint ownership from the first phase of the implementation process to the second, even though the joint titling of land to couples was never adopted as official policy. Heavy criticism was raised towards PETT by feminist non-governmental organisations and social movements in the late nineties, promoting equal land rights. At the time of implementation, political changes were occurring in Peru, creating space for new actors, and a change in the extent of repression of collective actors. These changes seem to have created a good environment for action. Researchers mention the mobilisation as a possible explanation for the increase in joint ownership, suggesting that the activism of CSOs led the implementing agency to favour joint ownership between spouses. Uncovering the impacts of collective action requires close attention to the dynamic interplay between the capacities and strategies of CSOs and the political spaces for their claims and campaigns.

Keywords: civil society, mobilization, social movements, impact, gender equality, land rights, collective action

Topics: Civil Society, Feminisms, Gender, Gendered Power Relations, Gender Equality/Inequality, Governance, International Organizations, NGOs, Political Economies, Rights, Land Rights, Women's Rights Regions: Americas, South America Countries: Peru

Year: 2013

Household and Network Analysis for Understanding Social Changes in Mining Development

Citation:

Castillo, Gerardo. 2013. “Household and Network Analysis for Understanding Social Changes in Mining Development.”  Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the International Association for Impact Assessment, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, May 13-16. 

Author: Gerardo Castillo

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to discuss the limits of the conventional Social Impact Assessment (SIA) approach, and propose the use of a Household and Network Analysis (HNA) for a better comprehension of resource development transformations within local communities and mining regions. In order to address this objective, [it] critically discusses some of the major limitations of the conventional SIA approach and presents the main features of the HNA as a complementary way for dealing with these shortcomings. It argues that HNA is especially suited to grasp an emic or local population’s perspective in the context of cumulative impacts. The paper provides examples from experiences of current large-scale mining in Peruvian Andes.

Keywords: Desarrollo rural, Gobernabilidad y política, Recursos naturales e industrias extractivas

Topics: Development, Economies, Extractive Industries, Gendered Power Relations, Households Regions: Americas, South America Countries: Peru

Year: 2013

Women’s Struggles for Sustainable Peace in Postconflict Peru: A Feminist Analysis of Violence and Change

Citation:

Hays-Mitchell, Maureen. 2007. “Women’s Struggles for Sustainable Peace in Postconflict Peru: A Feminist Analysis of Violence and Change.” In A Companion to Feminist Geography, edited by Lise Nelson and Joni Seager, 590–606. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Author: Maureen Hays-Mitchell

Topics: Feminisms, Gender, Women, Gender-Based Violence, Peace Processes, Post-Conflict, Violence Regions: Americas, South America Countries: Peru

Year: 2007

Wartime Sexual Violence in Guatemala and Peru*

Citation:

Leiby, Michele L. 2009. “Wartime Sexual Violence in Guatemala and Peru*.” International Studies Quarterly 53 (2): 445–68.

Author: Michele L. Leiby

Abstract:

This article is a comparative analysis of sexual violence perpetrated by state armed forces during the Guatemalan and Peruvian civil wars. Focusing on the type of violation and the context in which it occurs provides new insights into the motives behind its use in war. It introduces a new data set on sexual violence compiled from truth commission documents and nongovernmental human rights organizations’ reports. The data reveal that members of the state armed forces perpetrated the majority of sexual violations, that rape and gang rape are the most frequent but not the only abuses committed, and that women are the overwhelming majority of victims of sexual violence. Aggregate patterns suggest that state authorities must have known of mass sexual abuse and failed to act in accordance with international law. Moreover, some evidence suggests sexual violence is used as a weapon of war. However, mono-causal models cannot sufficiently account for the variation and complexity in its use. Even within the same conflict, sexual violence can serve multiple functions in different contexts and at different points in time.

Topics: Armed Conflict, Civil Wars, International Law, Justice, TRCs, Military Forces & Armed Groups, Militaries, Sexual Violence, Rape, SV against Women Regions: Americas, Central America, South America Countries: Guatemala, Peru

Year: 2009

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